Saint Gióng also known as Phù Đổng Sky King in historical literature is a legendary hero of the ancient Vietnamese. Many centuries ago, Saint Gióng festival of Phù Đổng village –his homeland– was ranked as the most attractive one in the Northern Delta. It attracts tens of thousands of people from everywhere to attend thanks to its performing match like a battle that reenacts the national hero’s victory. The festival in Phù Đổng Village symbolically re-enacts the battles, in which the saint’s generals, such as Flag Master, Drum Master, Gong Master, Army Master and Children’s Master fight against the enemies generals. Gióng festival takes place from the 6th to the 12th day of the fourth lunar month, mobilizing hundreds of village male teenagers who act phù giá (assisstants) in an elite troop. On the 6th day of the fourth lunar month, those who act generals have to be launched in front of the Sky King, and then gather at Phù Đổng temple where they officially enter the time and space of the legend. A ritual of sacrifice is one of the most important practices of the festival at Sky King Temple as it is believed that sacrifice symbolizes the community’s respect dedicated to the holy Saint. It is followed by the ritual of water procession performed by the generals of the troop, which implies that sacred water taken from Mẫu Temple is used to bathe the weapon. The chess-playing ritual also known as the battle ritual is the central activity of Gióng festival of Phù Đổng temple and it is practiced in the form of a grand performance. In the Sóc Temple, where Saint Giong ascended to Heaven on his iron horse, the celebrations include a ritual of bathing Giong statue and a procession of bamboo flowers and elephant to the temple as offerings to the saint. Bamboo flowers are dispersed to villager as a good luck throughout the year.

Viet Nam 2010

Quan họ is a form of alternate singing between males and females, once only popular in 49 villages of the ancient Kinh Bắc region, presently in Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang provinces. The singing tradition is an intergral part of tục kết chạ (friendship custom) between villages, tục kết bạn (friend-making custom) between groups of singers, as well as tục ngủ bọn (sleepover custom). During these twining occasions, groups of quan họ singers from two villages sing throughout day and night. Quan họ songs are sung in harmony as alternating verses by two females (liền chị) from one village, and two males (liền anh) from the twined village sing with similar melodies and responding lyrics. The twining relationship allows singers maintain as artistic and intimate friendship, marriage is not allowed. Quan họ singing has three main types: hát canh (the singing at a host’s house), hát thi lấy giải (singing for prizes), and hát hội (singing at festivals). Lim Festival, taking place on the 13th of the First Lunar month every year, is the most significant event to celebrate and commemorate the founding father of this singing tradition. Music accompaniment was introduced into quan họ singing several decades ago, giving ways to new forms of performance, such as on stage and in celebrations such as wedding, anniversaries and ceremonies.

Viet Nam 2009

Trần Thương Temple Festival commemorates the death anniversary of Saint Trần Hưng Đạo, a national hero.This is a cultural event held in the community to verenate and honor sacred and real figures in the national history like Saint Trần Hưng Đạo. He is a national hero who defeated foreign invaders then was considered as a Saint to support communities to have a prosperous and happy life. Trần Thương Temple Festival is famous for its typical ceremonies like water procession, palanquin procession, food delivery. Especially, there are performances of spirit mediumship with some shamanism practices in Trần Thương Temple Festival.

Trống quân singing (i.e. folk singing with drums) usually takes place on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. This kind of folk singing is sung not only for entertainment, love exchange during the leisure time of agricultural seasons, but also for prediction of the weather for the upcoming work by watching the moon and stars. Trống quân singing of Liêm Thuận commune has its own characteristics of the people living in lowland fields. Due to their life attached to water, they need to communicate on the water. As a result, water culture is created and Trống quân singing is taken to perform on boats and becomes a cultural beauty of this land

Inscribed in 2015 (10.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Tugging rituals and games of Vietnam have different characteristics, meanings and rules. The element is held as part of village festivals in Spring, a form for communities to pray for abundant harvests and prosperity, marking the start of a new agricultural cycle. Tugging game symbolizes the power of natural forces like the sun, water source that influence the harvests. In some localities, tugging game is associated with the legends of worshiped heroes for their merit in reclaiming the land, fighting against foreign invaders, protecting prosperous life of the people. It is usually held at the communal houses or temples after the rirual of commemoration of local guardian deities finished. The material used for tugging varies from region to region, reflecting the ecological and cultural context of each community, it can be made of bamboo, rattan stems, or ropes. The procedure for selecting teams or players is in accordance to the ritual rules, and the winning or losing team is regulated by customs to express certain religious meanings and the harmony of nature. Nowadays, tugging rituals and games are popularly known as a folk game that is entertaining, sporty and collective.

Cambodia,South Korea,Philippines,Viet Nam 2015

Kỳ Cùng and Tả Phủ Temples Festival, also known as Cannon Head Festival, has a history of more than 400 years. From January 16, Tả Phủ temple opens, organizing to welcome earth workers and gods from neighboring temples and shrines to attend the festival. From January 16 to 21, families with "cannons" taken from the previous year return them to the temple, accompanied by a thanksgiving ceremony (a roast pig) and rounds of firecrackers. On the morning of the 22nd, a procession consisting of "boys" carrying palanquins and boys carrying "royal agarwood" and wearing lions went down to Kỳ Cùng temple to pick up Mr. Tuần Tranh - god of Kỳ Cùng river to attend the festival. At noon, the palanquin returns to Tả Phủ temple. On both sides of the road, families display roasted pigs, sticky rice, chicken, and fruits to pray for luck and fortune, and light firecrackers to celebrate. On the 23rd and 24th, sacrifice ceremonies and artillery preparations are held. On the 25th and 26th, fireworks were held. The cannon head is hung on a 15m high bamboo tree, inside the cannon head there is a metal ring, and connected to the cannon head are two slow-burning firecracker wires hanging close to the ground. The right to set off fireworks belongs to the winner of the previous year's prize. When the cannon explodes, it will throw the red steel ring into the air, fall and everyone will pick it up. The person who finds it comes to report to the temple, the organizers honor it, give rewards, and then take it home to thank their ancestors. On the 27th, at the hour of the Horse, the palanquin procession sees off the river god to Kỳ Cùng temple and takes the earth god and gods to neighboring temples, and the festival ends.

The festival takes place in Kiếp Bạc Temple in the autumn from the 15th to 20th of the eighth lunar month in honoring the legendary General Trần Hưng Đạo, also known as Saint Trần, who defeated the Mongol invaders three times back in the 13th century. To many, Saint Trần is also worshipped as Father, serving as their protective spirit. In feudal society, the festival was part of an annually national ceremony and officiated by a mandarin dispatched by the King. The most important ritual of the festival is the procession of offerings on boat along Lục Đầu River. It is an honor for anyone in the commune to be selected to prepare for and row boats. The boats are decorated with red fabric strips on the sides and with followers and lanterns on board. Especially, the dragon palanquin boat is decorated with yellow fabric strips and flowers. The ritual starts with Saint Trần’s tablet being processed onto the golden-gilded palanquin, from the main temple building passing through the Tam Quan Gate towards the river. The procession takes about two hours along the river.

Keo Pagoda is a pagoda that worships Buddha first, then Saint (worshiping Zen master Khong Lo). Keo Pagoda Festival is held in two periods: Spring Festival (on the 4th day of Lunar New Year) and Autumn Festival (from the 13th to the 15th day of the 9th lunar month). The most special feature of the festival is "Trải Race", a race held from the pagoda area to both banks of the Red River, about 5 kilometers long. In addition to money and rice, the swimmers of the 8 hamlets are rewarded with wine and cakes from the village girls who marry far away. At the end of the festival, there is also a Chau Thanh ritual, a special ritual only found at Keo Pagoda Festival. Chầu Thánh dance is an ancient dance performed by rowing and frog dancing. The festival shows respect and remembers the merits of Saint Không Lộ, the guardian deity of the village and the ancestors of the village and commune. Through these ceremonies, the villagers pray for the protection and protection of bountiful crops, a prosperous life, and prosperity.

Held from January 13 to 18 on the land of the Tran dynasty, to affirm and honor the merits of building and defending the country of the Tran dynasty - a prosperous dynasty with three illustrious feats of defeating the Nguyen - Mong invaders. The ceremony is held solemnly, majesty and respectfully such as: the opening ceremony of the temple door, the procession of sacred water from the Red River confluence to Tran temple, the grave sacrifice, the worshiping ceremony for ancestors. In particular, they also held a ceremony to celebrate the wedding (treaty) between the two villages of Van Dai (Chi Hoa commune) and Tam Duong village (Tien Duc commune) as well as a water procession and a unique fish contest to remember the old times. Tran ancestors lived mainly by fishing.

Tien Cong Temple (also known as Thap Cuu Tien Cong Temple) is located in Cam Thanh Village, Cam La Commune, about 5km from the center of Quang Yen Town, worshiping 17 "Thap That Tien Cong". According to the stele and genealogy, from about 1434 to 1500, there were 17 Tien Cong from Kim Hoa Ward (now Kim Lien Ward), Tho Xuong District, Hoai Duc Prefecture, Thang Long Citadel (Hanoi) and their families following the Red River to the Bach Dang River mouth to find a way to make a living, reclaim land, establish villages and hamlets. These are the people who made the first contributions to the cause of building dykes to reclaim land from the sea and rivers to establish the Ha Nam island area, including Cam La Commune. The Tien Cong Festival (also known as the "Procession" ceremony festival) is a unique festival and is held on a large scale in Quang Yen town. The festival takes place from the 5th to the 7th day of the first lunar month to commemorate the Tien Cong who had the merit of reclaiming and establishing the islands of Ha Nam and Quang Yen. The Tien Cong Festival in the Ha Nam island region (Quang Yen town) has been preserved and promoted by the people for more than 300 years. The festival space takes place in Phong Coc, Phong Hai, Yen Hai wards and Cam La commune. The festival center is at the Tien Cong temple relic (Cam La commune) and at the Tien Cong family temples. From the ancestral shrines, each family and clan brings offerings, welcoming the elderly (80, 90, 100 years old or older) to the Tien Cong temple to worship their ancestors. Representatives of the clans offer offerings and make offerings on the Tien Cong stele. The opening of the Tien Cong Festival is the “Ra cỗ họ” ceremony, also known as the “Lễ tế Tổ” ceremony. The “Ancestor” ceremony is held by the Tien Cong clans on the 4th day of the first lunar month every year. This is the biggest ceremony in the ancestral temples of the year. The “Ra cỗ họ” ceremony is a ceremony to pray for the ancestors and ancestors to bless their grandchildren and children with a prosperous new year; it is a ceremony to send off the ancestors and ancestors in the ancestral temple according to the local people’s fine customs and is also a festival of the clan. After the ancestral ceremony, many cultural activities and folk games are organized such as: wrestling, swinging, cockfighting, human chess, tom diem, dum singing, tug of war, volleyball, building dikes... In particular, the ceremony of the elders building dikes and wrestling opens the festival, creating a joyful and exciting atmosphere. On the 5th day of the first lunar month, the children and grandchildren in the family whose parents have reached the age of longevity prepare to decorate the family yard according to the traditional longevity celebration ceremony. On the 6th of January, families of the same clan and village organize a procession to carry the ancestors in a peach hammock to the Tien Cong temple to worship their ancestors, called the "Rước Thọ" or "Rước Người" ceremony, along with the preparation of offerings and ceremonial objects, costumes, ceremonial music team, and peach hammock palanquins for the procession, which are prepared months before the festival takes place. The most joyful and splendid Tien Cong festival is on the main festival day (the 7th of January) with the most unique "Rước Người" ceremony in the whole country, expressing admiration and honor for the ancestors, imbued with the cultural identity of the residents of the Bach Dang estuary. At noon on the main festival day, the sacrificial group representing the Four Communes organizes the "Tế giã" ceremony, ending the festival. Tien Cong Festival is a traditional cultural beauty that evokes the morality of “When drinking water, remember its source”, “Respect the elderly and live long” and promotes the solidarity of clans and villages, and has become an intangible cultural heritage that has a wide influence on the community and tourists. In 2017, Tien Cong Festival was honored as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage. The annual organization of Tien Cong Festival has become a unique tourism product of Quang Yen town, Quang Ninh province.

The Lảnh Giang Temple Festival relic site is located in Yen Lac village, Moc Nam commune, Duy Tien town, a relic complex with long-standing historical - cultural - architectural and artistic values. The temple worships three generals of the 18th Hung Due Vuong era who had great merit in defeating the Thuc invaders, keeping the country's borders peaceful, and worships Chu Dong Tu - Princess Tien Dung. Currently, Lảnh Giang Temple preserves many valuable Chinese documents and worship objects. The Lảnh Giang Temple Festival takes place twice a year in June (from the 18th to the 25th) and August (20th) of the lunar calendar, to express gratitude to the gods who protect the people and pray for a prosperous and happy life. The Lảnh Giang Temple Festival was only restored in 1996 - the year the temple was recognized as a National Historical and Cultural Relic. Currently, the June festival is considered the main festival by the people, the August festival is only held by the people to offer incense and make offerings. The festival takes place with rituals: water procession, saint procession, sacrifice ceremony, announcement ceremony... On the 18th day of the 6th lunar month, the local people organize the palanquin stacking ceremony, raise the God's flag in front of the temple, on the 21st day they start the announcement ceremony. The days from the 22nd to the 24th of June are the main days of the sacrifice and the procession of the Saint's palanquin around the temple. In which, June 24 is the main day of the Third Great Official's banquet, the head of the Lảnh Giang temple organizes a performance to welcome the saint from early morning. This is the occasion for singing to be performed in a cultural space imbued with the sacred Mother Goddess worship beliefs of the Vietnamese people at Lảnh Giang temple. On the 25th of June, a thanksgiving ceremony is held and the flag is lowered, the temple is closed. On the 25th day of the 8th lunar month, Yen Tu Temple (Moc Bac Commune, Duy Tien Town) worships Princess Ngoc Hoa and carries her palanquin to pay homage. The festival in June also includes a rowing game on the Red River and a water procession. The water procession from the Red River to Lảnh Giang Temple follows the custom of worshipping the Water God. Water is taken from the middle of the Red River and brought back to be used as offerings and to bathe the statues of the temples in the relic site. The festival is extremely rich, such as: rowing, dragon dance, lion dance, cheo singing, chau van singing, wrestling, human chess, cockfighting, to tom diem, lion dance, cooking rice on a carrying pole, sports activities, chasing ducks underwater, stick fighting, walking on monkey bridges, tug of war... The festival represents the agricultural beliefs, the desire for protection by the natural gods and the desire to control the power of nature of the indigenous people. In 2017, Lảnh Giang Temple Festival was included in the list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.

The Chèm Communal House Festival is held to commemorate the merits of Saint Chèm (Ly Ong Trong), a talented general in the BC era who defeated the invaders and saved the country, and is considered by the people as the Thanh Hoang. The festival takes place annually from the 14th to the 16th of May (Lunar calendar) at Chèm Communal House. People from three sister villages: Chèm, Hoàng Xá and Hoàng Liên join in organizing the festival with many solemn rituals: the procession, bathing, releasing animals, etc. The highlight is the water procession: three dragon boats from the three villages row out to the middle of the Red River to scoop up river water and pour it into jars, performing three turns before swimming back to shore. Some activities took place enthusiastically such as: making sweet soup, swimming, wrestling, playing human chess, playing cards, etc. The Chèm communal house festival is a unique traditional festival closely associated with the history of the nation, very typical of popular cultural activities among the rice farmers of the Red River Delta.