Materials
master-apprentice
ICH Materials 152
Videos
(4)-
Shashmaqom music
Shashmaqam (means the six Maqams (modes)) is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which firstly developed in Bukhara. Shashmaqom (in Farsi - "Six maqoms") is a leading musical-cyclic genre of musical heritage of Uzbek and Tajik people. It includes a cycle of complex and perfect instrumental as well as vocal compositions encompassing different types of melos, forms, usuls (rhythmic formulae) and performances. Shashmaqom is a cycle consisting of six maqoms, namely Buzruk, Rost, Navo, Dugoh, Segoh and Iroq. Each of these consists of two parts respectively, i.e. instrumental one (which is called "Mushkilot") and vocal one (which is called "Nasr"), representing more than 250 cycles of instrumental and vocal compositions in total. Shashmaqom got formed in urban environment, and its bearers of traditions were well-known musicians and singers. Its vocal part was performed in Uzbek and Tajik languages. The texts were mainly taken from the poems of classics of oriental poetry (i.e. Rudaki, Jami, Lutfi, Navoi, Babur, Khafiz, Fizuli, Amiri, Nodira, Zebuniso, Ogahiy and others) and were dedicated to love-related, lyrical, philosophical, didactic, religious themes. Folk poetry examples were also used. Most widely used musical instrument was tanbur. It is based on tuning tanbur that the tonal basis of maqoms emerged. Instrumental part of each maqom included instrumental compositions such as "Tasnif", "Tarje", "Gardun", "Mukhammas" and "Sakil", performed either solo or by instrumental ensemble. However, each part differed with its own tune, character of melody, structure and usuls of doira. Vocal parts are considered the most difficult and complete ones in terms of structure, melos and form and are divided into two cycles (shuba): the first one includes "Sarakhbor", "Talqin", "Nasr" and "Ufar", performed by leading singer - hofiz (their melodies are more developed, of great range and complex form). Between main parts "Tarona" was sung by vocal ensemble as a connecting one (it is a small vocal piece, which has its own tunes, feature and forms). The second cycle (shuba) includes five-part cycles "Moghulcha" and "Savt" (except maqom "Iroq"). In addition to main parts, each maqom incorporates additional compositions: instrumental one (naghma, peshrav, samoyi, hafif), and vocal one (uzzol, ushshoq, bayot, chorgoh, nasrullo, oraz, khusayniy, navrozi sabo, khoro and ajam), the creators of which were bastakors (creators of oral musical tradition). Shashmaqom got formed, has been preserved, mastered and transmitted from generation to generation verbally, based on "Ustoz-shogird" ("master-apprentice") method of learning.
Uzbekistan -
The Art of Doston Narration in Uzbekistan
" Uzbekistan has three regional styles of doston performance: Surkhondarya-Qashqadarya, Khorezm, and Karakalpak. In the Surkhondarya-Qashqadarya style, the doston narrator performs in a guttural voice and accompanied by drum (two-stringed musical instrument). In the Khorezm style, doston songs are performed in a simple voice and accompanied by tor, doira, and bolaman.\n\nThe Karakalpak style of doston is performed in two ways: Romantic dostons are accompanied by karakalpak dutar and ghijjak; heroic epic performances are accompanied qo’biz (very ancient stringed instrument).\n\nThis film includes representatives of all three schools. We learn about their lifestyles, master-apprentice traditions, and processes to prepare certain musical instruments. Recording was conducted in Kashkadarya, Surkhondarya, and Khorezm regions and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan."
Uzbekistan 2017 -
Gardening in Uzbekistan
The current film is devoted to the knowledge and experience about gardening in different regions of Uzbekistan and its transmission to younger generations. In the first part of the film, fields and gardens of Fergana Valley and the house of Abdulvokhid Khoji living in the Oltiariq district is described. The film was made during spring, summer, and autumn. Abdulvokhid Khoji is a ninety-two-year-old father who has been teaching his knowledge and skills to future generations, in particular to his sons and grandchildren, based on master-apprentice traditions.
Uzbekistan 2017 -
Heritage of Korkyt-ata
Korkyt-ata invented kobyz, a two-stringed instrument covered in goat leather, and wrote many kyus (songs), eleven of which have survived to this day. His dedication to the instrument is why the Mausoleum of Korkyt-ata on the banks of the Syr Darya River was made in the form of a giant kobyz. The traditional kobyz manufacturing process is based on a master-apprentice system through which the master transmits his knowledge and skills through formal (educational institutions) and informal communication (at home, in the family).
Kazakhstan 2017