제6차 중앙아시아 무형유산 보호협력 네트워크 회의 2015 국가발표 (2)

In Buddhism, deities and gods are imagined as either male or female. They can appear either calm and peaceful or fierce and frantic. Generally, the more peaceful gods are the deities of harmony, aesthetics, kindness, diligence, and so on whereas the fierce ones are the guardians whose role is to threaten and daunt the demons.

The Institute of Language and Literature (ILL) at the Mongolian Academy of Sciences is a scientific organization that manages academic researches on philology, literature, and folklore in Mongolia. The ILL was founded as the Institute of Sutra and Script in 1921. The name subsequently institute changed to the Cabinet of Philology in 1930, to the Centre for the Study of Philology and Literature in 1957, and finally to the Institute of Language and Literature in 1961 when the Mongolian Academy of Sciences was established. First director of the institute was Mr. S. Jamiyan. Today, Dr. L. Bold—a professor, academician, and doctor of linguistics—leads the institute.

Co-orgarnized by ICHCAP and Hue Monuments Conservation Centre (HMCC), this year’s Asia-Pacific ICH NGO Conference was held in Hue, Vietnam under the theme of ICH NGOs towards Sustainable Development of Communities.

As part of the Cultural Partnership Initiative of 2016, ICHCAP invited ICH professionals from Malaysia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Tonga. Each participant researched ICH topics of interest that relate to comparative studies, sustainable development, traditional medicine, and safeguarding organizations.

The main contents of this publication are reports from thirty-two nations collected by ICHCAP from 2009 to 2015 as part of its annual projects to collect information on intangible cultural heritage safeguarding in the Asia-Pacific region. We have also compiled information from other reports and conference materials collected by ICHCAP to present key data, such as national inventories and information on related organizations, in an easily accessible format.

Arts Council of Mongolia\n\nIn 2002, business, civic, and arts leaders of Mongolia formed the Arts Council of Mongolia (ACM), a non-governmental organization with the mission to promote the sustainable development of Mongolian arts and culture as well as the preservation of various cultural heritage. ACM is one of the first NGOs of its kind in the country. Its activities include supporting Mongolian art institutions and individual artists through programs for promoting international exchanges, raising public interest and awareness about Mongolian arts and culture, building the capacity of artists and administrators in Mongolian art institutions, and initiating art education and cultural heritage programs through advocating a close collaboration between private and public sectors.

Khan-Uul Complex School is located in Kherlen Soum (district) of Dornod Province, which has four ethnic groups: the Khalkh, the Buryat, the Barga and the Uzemchin. For years, the school has been very active in promoting the intangible cultural heritage of the region and beyond, both through curricular and extra-curricular activities. It has developed several policies to support this process, such as incorporating ICH activities into the school annual work plan, adjusting teachers’ workloads to provide time for such activities, and creating suitable environments to foster student learning

As part of the Cultural Partnership Initiative of 2016, ICHCAP invited ICH professionals from Malaysia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Tonga. Each participant researched ICH topics of interest that relate to comparative studies, sustainable development, traditional medicine, and safeguarding organizations.\n\nTuul Machlay from Mongolian National Commission for UNESCO researched how intangible cultural heritage has been inventoried in both Mongolia and Republic of Korea. This comparative study explored that each country has its own challenges and its own way to implement community based inventorying therefore implementing the 2003 Convention depending on their own conditions.\n

According to the Mongolian astrological calendar, as well as in other Asian countries, this year is the Year of the Tiger. As well as a year, the third of the twelve animals of lunar astrology is also marked with the day of the tiger (the day of the conquest of the tiger), the month of the tiger (the first month of spring), and the tiger hours of the day (3.40 a.m. to 5.40 a.m.). Mongols teach that, “If you do not get up with tiger i.e., during the tiger hours, then the day will be late. If you do not study in young age, then growing up will be late.” The tiger is also one of the eight cardinal directions on the map of Mongolia, representing northeast. This corresponds with the octagonal shape of a yurt, on which homeowners place the appropriate symbols depending on the direction of each face.

Long song is an exemplar of the Mongolian art of song and music. Mongolian long song has been inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in recognition of the fact that it shows the miracle of human creative genius and demonstrates the richness of human culture. Mongolian traditional long song is symbolic of the philosophy, cosmology, and aesthetic thinking of the nomadic civilization. It has for a long time been a feature of festivals, wedding ceremonies, and rituals. Therefore, it has traditionally been an important source of national pride and unity for Mongolians.

"BeezBistar Foundation (BBF), a community action-based non-governmental organization, was formed in 2009 by development workers and researchers. “BeezBistar” means prosperity in life and peaceful and joyful relations between human beings and all other life-forms. BBF works with local communities, especially farmers, weavers, fishers, adivashi, dalit, and other marginalized and socially vulnerable people for a prosperous and healthy life. Its guiding ethical principles are non-discrimination on the grounds of caste, race, class, and gender. BBF believes in people’s capacity to transform their existing situation of poverty and become pros- perous through a mediated process of interdependent, collective, and community support and actions. The notion of BEEZ is grounded in the local and indigenous culture of the peoples of Bangladesh, as well as advanced by science and life-affirming knowledge and technologies."