Seated Tugging is practiced in the village festival of Thach Ban Ward, Long Bien District, Hanoi city.\nThis village is situated on the land along the Red River dike. The people live mainly on farming and rice cultivation, so water is extremely important. The legend of Seated Tugging is rooted in the desire for sufficient water for life and production. Thus, the saints that people worship are all related to water. Seated Tugging expresses the desire for good weather and good harvest.\nSeated Tugging is done on the ground. A rattan rope is threaded through ironwood pillars fixed to the ground. The tugging game is played by two teams (nineteen people per team) sitting on the ground. One leg is bent, the other is straight, and the heels provide the leverage to pull. The teams also have to prepare gifts of sticky rice and a pig head covered with fat to offer to the saints. Seated Tugging is a ritual and a game, played in three-round matches at the Tran Vu temple festival. There is always a winning team. According to the compact of the community, it symbolizes luck and flourishing for the year. These compacts, concepts, and conditions for participation for Seated Tugging are prescribed\nby the community and maintained from generation to generation. The value of the ritual and game has a spiritual character and also expresses cultural creativity. It is the conversion of beliefs or desires into a cultural expression of offerings, rituals, and performances, which is reflected in the behavior between the two teams, as well as between the game participators, flag keeper, and drum player. All communities participate in the ritual and game voluntarily, fairly, and without rivalry.

Shrine with multi-coloured Torma offerings

Altar dedicated to Hùng Kings in Trẹo Village, Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District, 2011; Photo by Từ Thị Loan; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies

Ritual of seizing sacred paddy for seeds and for good luck, Trẹo Village, Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District, 2011. Photo by Hoàng Sơn; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

Millions of people go on pilgrimage to Hùng temples on the Ancestral Anniversary, 2008. Photo by Nguyễn Việt Thắng; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

People of Trẹo Village (Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District) make glutinous rice cakes to invite Hùng Kings to join them for the Lunar New Year, 2011. Photo by Từ Thị Loan; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

The burning of petition sheets is to convey the wishes of villagers to Hùng Kings, ending the ritual at Cả Communal Hall, Vi and Trẹo Villages, Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District, 2011. Photo by Nguyễn Thị Hồng Nhung; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

People make offerings to Hùng Kings at the Ritual of Receiving the Kings for Celebration of Spring in Cả Communal Hall, Tiên Kiên Commune, Lâm Thao District, 2011. Photo by Bùi Quang Thanh; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

People of Vi Village (Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District) bear a palanquin containing the Hùng Kings’ tablet, inviting the Kings to join them for the Lunar New Year, 2011. Photo by Hoàng Sơn; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

Hùng Kings mausoleum on Nghĩa Lĩnh Mountain, Hy Cương Commune, Việt Trì City, 2011. Photo by Hoàng Sơn; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

People of Vi Village (Hùng Sơn Town, Lâm Thao District) make square cakes to invite Hung Kings to join them for the Lunar New Year, 2011. Photo by Hoàng Sơn; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.

The words “The First Ancestor of Vietnam” can be read on the reception gate to Thượng temple on Nghĩa Lĩnh Mountain, Hy Cương Commune, Việt Trì City, 2011. Photo by Hoàng Sơn; © 2011 Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies.