Gold has been long viewed and used as an ornament of preciousness and luxury. Gold is often used to decorate textiles and this process is referred to as gold appliqué. Gold appliqué has a long history in Korea, and there are several records explaining a situation where the government prohibited the use of gold appliqué during the Three Kingdoms era (4-7 CE) due to concerns about the dissipation of the country’s wealth.

Dhamrai, the main center of metal casting in Bangladesh, is located about thirty-nine kilometers northwest of Dhaka, the capital city. A visitor to the quiet rural setting was once greeted by natural sounds and bustles of sounds, the clanging of metals, which made a wonderful rhythm of working melodies. This transpires the existence of metal crafts being an important part of Bengal’s rich artistic tradition that dates to before 2000 BCE on the Indian peninsula. History suggests that some of the greatest metal craft masterpieces of all times, made here by skilled artisans and sculptors, were magnificent in design, exclusivity of details, and workmanship. But over time, the cultural heritage, exceptionally rich in aesthetics and artistry, has fallen from its glory and only a few artisans are toiling to revive this millennium-old art form.

A major part of the Iranian Plateau consists of vast deserts with low precipitation ratios. Interestingly, the land has been home to numerous settlements since prehistory. To all these settlements, water constituted, as it is still is, a vital natural resource with economic, social, and cultural values.

Food plays an important role in spiritual rituals and worship for many faiths including Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism. The food offered to God is called prasada/prasadam, which means a gracious gift. Prasadam could be any o!ering, but typically an edible food is firrst o!ered to a deity in his or her name.

India, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, is also one among the few countries named after a river system. The Indus River gave birth to the Indus Valley Civilization from where comes the word India. India is also the only country in the world with more than seven holy rivers, frequented by pilgrims even in the present day. Thus, water plays a central role in Indian society which is perhaps also because more than 60 percent of India’s geographical area is under agriculture. However, water availability in India has always been limited by the seasonal monsoon, and this has given rise to various traditional systems of water management in different parts of the country.

For centuries, cooking minced corn with sugarcane honey and its subsequent fermentation has given origin to chicha, a fermented beverage for hundreds of settlers in various regions in Colombia. (!e drink is also\nproduced from different food sources, such as corn, yucca, arracacha, and peach-palm fruit.) The beverage was and is also important in large parts of the American continent as a tradition inherited from indigenous\ncommunities.

iTaukei intangible cultural heritage has contributed to sustainable lives in the past and has continued to sustain lives of iTaukei people at present. The concept of sustainable development is not new to iTaukei\ncoastal communities, as their cultural and social practices towards environment sustainability, inclusive social development, economic development, and peace and security have proven otherwise. iTaukei coastal communities are quite familiar in addressing the needs of the present and future generations, the needs of the vanua1 as a whole, and ensuring sustainable lives for each member of the community. It ensures balances between nature and communities, economic and social stability. Sustainability can be associated with the iTaukei concept of sautu.2 Sautu in the iTaukei context can mean peace, wellbeing, prosperity and fertility of fishing grounds. Therefore, different sociocultural practices ensure a sustainable food system in iTaukei coastal community.

This publication contains papers from the 2021 World Intangible Cultural Heritage Forum held online for three days, from September 29 to October 1, 2021. The event was hosted by the National Intangible Heritage Center and organized by ICHCAP.\n\nThe forum was held under the theme of “Rediscovering Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Era of Convergence and Creativity” to re-examine the creative value of intangible cultural heritage and present the possibilities by examining examples of innovation and value creation through intangible cultural heritage.

The festival of Diwali in India is celebrated by different communities in different ways, performing different rituals. It is a festival of lights celebrated by Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs, and usually lasts for five days.\nThe Sindhi community in India celebrates Diwali for just three days. One of the distinctive features of their celebration is the worshipping of a haatdi. Haatdi is also worshipped by a few Gujarati communities.\n“Haatdi” comes from the word haat and symbolizes a shop. People worship it mainly to invoke the blessings of Lakshmi (the goddess of abundance and auspiciousness) for work or business, praying for their business to prosper. A haatdi is a colorful representation of a shop. There are some who believe it used to represent the male members of the family who were the breadwinners. The number of haatdis bought was equal to the number of male members in the family, with one being for the female child. Nowadays they are usually bought in pairs of two, four, six. After Diwali, the haatdi is immersed in water.\nThe making of clay haatdi begins on the day of Ganesh Chaturthi, which is regarded as auspicious and usually falls in August or September. The people of a particular community in Ahmedabad are involved in the making of haatdis, with the whole family taking part. They even travel out of Gujarat to states like Maharashtra to make and sell their wares. Haatdis are made and sold until Kaali Chaudas (the second day of the five-day festival of Diwali).\nA demonstration of the process of making a haatdi was given by Mr. Chaturbhai, Mr. Varshrambhai, Mr. Bharatbhai, and their families at their place in the lane opposite APS International School in Ahmedabad. Even I enjoyed trying my hand at making a haatdi during this experience organized by India Heritage Walks and led by Mr. Keyur Shah.

Traditional treatment methods and folk remedies are used in Turkey for treating diseases, besides modern medicine. Applications within traditional treatment methods are mostly related to food and drinks. \nFolk remedies are prepared from the roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of various plants including nettle, hibiscus, nigella, harmal, and camomile. Besides folk remedies, food eaten to maintain a healthy body and to treat diseases are a crucial part of traditional treatment methods. For example, colloquially, dead nettle is recommended to be eaten at least once in a year for healing. It is believed that trotter or calf bone which is boiled for hours is healing for broken bones. In making of these soups, garlic, which is essential in folk remedy is widely used. \n\nAccording to the data gathered from the field research I’ve carried out in various areas and with various groups in Turkey and my obser-vations from this field research, communities have a shared and strong belief that some meals have healing effects in puerperal period. In this special period, folk remedy which encourages the use of specific food as treatment is used. Current practices in folk remedy are transferred from generation to generation by midwives and mothers. In this article, I want to explore the foods which are believed to have remedial proper-ties during puerperal period and also are described as a prominent part of themselves by culture bearers.

Korea is currently experiencing a Fourth Industrial Revolution. And there are increasing attempts to adapt the Fourth Industrial Revolution in cultural heritage across the country, and holograms are recently drawing keen attention as a potential technological advancement for this purpose. However, hologram technology is nothing new; rather, it can be traced back to 150 years ago.

There are many aspects and dimensions to do research on Myanmar lacquer. Myanmar lacquerware has been studied by both local and foreign scholars from artistic and historical points of view. This research highlights the history of Myanmar lacquer, lacquer industry, and its prospects. Myanmar lacquer has a long history and remains as an active cultural phenomenon. But there are very few people who make a living from the lacquerware business. The main problems are the lack of market and scarce resources (labour and raw materials). This research’s objectives are to be able to preserve the traditional Myanmar lacquerware industry, to make it widely known internationally about the process of making Myanmar lacquerware, and to cherish the intangible cultural heritage of Myanmar. It also aims to show and record the current situation of lacquerware industry and to find ways of helping lacquer industry survive the challenges it faces today. In this research, a review of the relevant books, library survey, and field study are done, in addition to interviews with lacquerware makers, taking photographs on many aspects of Myanmar lacquerware, and foreseeing its prospects. The research areas focused on are Bagan and Kyaukka village.\nKey words: lacquer in Myanmar, Bagan, Kyaukka village, industry, production