Shamanism is the oldest form of Traditional religion in Mongolia. The main rite of shamanism is to worship and make sacrifice to heaven. According to shamanism blue sky and green earth are venerated. The shamanic rites are performed by shamans.

The Initiated Couples at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

The Cameraman Pham Thanh Tung on the Site at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

Jade Emperor’s Invocation at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

Disciples at the Altar Dedicated to the Heaven the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

The 12 Lamp Ritual for the Disciples in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

Shamanism is one of the oldest forms of religion in Mongolia. The main rite of shamanism is to worship and sacrifice the heaven. Shamanism venerates the blue sky and green earth. In shamanism, there are total 99 deities, including 55 deities (Tenger) of the west who are well disposed towards humans and 44 deities (Tenger) of the east who cause all misfortunes. The shamanic rites seek to invoke the ninety-nine deities, to whom offerings are made. There are also the mountain-rites, cairn-rites, and tree-rites and spring-rites, all of which are related to the traditions and rituals of worshipping the earth as Mother. Together with them, there are the fire–rites, ancestor-rites, saddle-thongs rites, destiny-rites, and horse-rites. In the Shamanism,

Petition at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

The Disciples Are Possessed to be Transmitted the Religious Precepts at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

The Film Production Team members with the Ritual Masters the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province.

Ritual Dedicated to the Paradise the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province

Wives of the Initiated Men at the 12 Lamp Initiation Ritual in Phin Ho Village, Ban Khoang Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province