The crocodile-shaped zither was one of musical instruments that Pyu delegation performed in China in AD 802 as part of cultural exchange programme. Michael Sign, one of members of Eastern India Company delegation visited King Bodaw Phaya in 1795, wrote about this musical instrument in his book. There are two types of crocodile zithers, of which one must be played with fingers and other with plectrum. The 3-stringed Crocodile Zither must be played with plectrum by strumming with the right hand, and fretting and plucking the strings with left hand. The first and third strings are tuned to LayPauk (Fourth Note), while the second string to ThanHman Tapauk (First Note).\nThe fine wood must be smeared with mud and left dry by itself. After it becomes well seasoned, it is curved into the shape of crocodile. The body must be made hollow. There is a sound hole underneath in which the sound is resonated. The three strings are stretched from its head to tail. There are two tuning pegs on the jaw of crocodile. The sound hole and the tuning pegs lie in different position. The strings are made of silk or nylon or alloy. Thirteen wooden frets are placed with the use of beeswax under the strings.\n-68 inches in length\n-7.5 inches in breadth\n-10.5 inches in height\n-17.5 inches in circumference

Hard wood is made the arm of violin and dried gourd was made for sound box in ancient time. Wood has to be made sound box. The head of sound body was covered frog skin in the ancient time. Nowadays, it is covered by thin skin like as fish and snake. It is put on two strings of guitar string no(1). First string is called Saw Tune and second string is called Daw tune. Bow was made horse tail in ancient time. Nowadays, it is made of Nylon string. Bow is put on between two string to play. Saw tuning and Daw tuning is based to produce pitch by pressing strings.\n-2 feet 7.5 inches in Length\n-2 feet 3.5 inches in Length of the arm of violin\n-4 inches in Length of sound body\n-5.5 inches in High\n-1 feet in Girth\n-2 feet 7 inches in Length of bow\n-2 feet 1 inch in Length of the string of bow

Mongols have traditionally shown a great respect for the horse, honoring it in their national standards and symbols (flags and emblems) and in their folk songs. Morin khuur clearly belongs to this symbolic tradition. Morin khuur, so named for the ornamental horse-head carving at the top of its neck, is a unique two-stringed musical instrument developed by the nomadic Mongols. The strings of both the bow and fiddle are made from the hair of a horse’s tail. Most significantly, there is a tradition of playing the morin khuur at all ritual and ceremonial events. No discussion of the morin khuur would be complete without having considered the folk ‘long song’, for which it provides the principal accompaniment. Besides Bii Biylgee and folk long song, many other folk artistic forms such as Ülger (tales), Tuuli (epic), Yörööl (benediction), Magtaal (ode) and others can always be performed with morin khuur.

The soundbox and fingerboard are made of wood and the soundbox is covered with the leather and supported with the bamboo rods. Three strings are fixed and the revolving blades are attached at each ends of the strings to level the strings. The musical sounds are made with it pressing on the strings by fingers and played with a bow made of horse tail.\n-2.5 feet length of violin\n-7 inches of soundbox in length\n-17 inches of bow in length

The body of harp is made of Ya-Ma-Nay wood. The wood is into shape of crocodile before it is completely dry after being smeared with mud for several months. The top of the resonator body is tightly stretched with a deer or goat skin with small sound holes. The sound box is embellished in Mon traditional decoration. The crocodile's tail-shaped neck endpiece of harp is decorated with Hin-tha bird. The tuning pegs are fixed along the neck. The strings are made of silk or cotton or nylon. The strings are tuned in traditional way. It is played in similar way of playing Myanmar traditional harp. Today, the number of strings have been increased to 15 to 16 in order to add the additional notes.\n-39 inches in length\n-29.75 inches in height\n-7.5 inches in body height

Traditional Art of Morin Khuur Music (Horse-Head Fiddle) Mongolia (Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, 2008) \nThe morin khuur, a unique two-stringed musical instrument with a horse-head, is an aggregation of traditional Mongolian culture. The strings and bow are made of horse-tail hair and can produce an expansive musical range, excellent sound expressions, and a perfect harmonization of tune and melody.

Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

Vat-gine or crescent-shaped gong is one of the Mon traditional musical instruments that has been used since the ancient time. The original crescent-shaped gong was consisted of 14 gongs and used to be played only in Nat (Spirit) propitiation ceremony. But, an additional gong tuned to Nga Pauk (Fifth Note) is added to play since the late 1962. The Crescent-shaped gong consists of 14 gongs which are arranged in ascending order from right to left. The pitch of gongs is higher from left to right and the player has to strike them with two mallets. This crescent-shaped gong is played in Mon national celebrations, Hin-tha dance, solo dance performance, Mon traditional dance and national ceremonies such as Union Day and Mon National day.\nFirstly, the two ends of fine Yamanay wood is smeared with mud. After its bark is stripped off, the log is smeared with mud again and left for six months to dry by itself so that the wood becomes well seasoned. The rattans are attached to arrange the 13 crescent-shaped gongs. It is painted with the original color of the wood and embellished in Mon traditional decorations. The left side of instrument is carved into head of Kainnayi bird and the right one its tail. The stands are carved into the two legs of this bird.\n-68 inches in length\n-46 inches in height\n-9.25 inches in the breadth of middle hollow\n-9 inches in length of Kainnayi Head\n-7.25 inches in tail