Materials
bronze
ICH Materials 111
Publications(Article)
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KOMUZ TEACHING METHODS IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL SYSTEMS IN KYRGYZSTANThe Kyrgyz komuz is a national musical instrument. Traditionally, komuz was made from a single piece of wood. The instrument has three strings, which were traditionally made from dried ram innards, but in modern times, fishing lines are often used instead.Year2017NationSouth Korea
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Tteok Making to become National Intangible Cultural Heritage"The Cultural Heritage Administration plans to designate tteok making (떡만들기), Korean rice cake making, as National Intangible Cultural Heritage. The designation will recognize the making and sharing of Korean rice cakes as a traditional culture and way of life.\n\nKoreans have made tteok by steaming grain flour in siru, a traditional steamer, or by boiling or baking, depending on the type of the rice cake being made. From a long time ago, Koreans have enjoyed making and sharing different kinds of tteok for major milestones in their lives as well as for important national holidays.\n\nHistorically, rice cakes have been a key offering for various rituals. They include rites held for village gods wishing for peace and prosperity as well as similar rites held for house gods like sangdalgosa. Rice cakes are also offered at gut rituals held by traditional shamans. In modern-day Korea, people distribute tteok to others in their community when they open a business or move into a new place.\n\nIn many ways, tteok is more than just a delicacy—given that Koreans distribute rice cakes to others for special moments of their lives, it can be considered an embodiment of sharing and generosity as well as a symbol of the unique Korean concept of jeong or a deep connection and harmony.\n\nIt is also notable how different types of rice cake are made for different occasions and how they have a story of their own. This makes tteok intangible cultural heritage that people need to learn to fully understand Korean culture.\n\nIt is unclear when Koreans started making rice cakes. However, archaeological findings show that Koreans have been eating rice cake since ancient times. Siru has been unearthed in historic sites of the bronze age and iron age. Siru can also be seen in the mural of fourth-century Anak Tomb No. 3 in South Hwanghae, North Korea."\n\nPhoto : Two women shaping tteok CCBYSA World to Table / WikimediaYear2021NationSouth Korea
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Kazakh Jewelry: Continuity of Nomadic TraditionsThe Kasteyev State Museum of Arts in Almaty has gathered a unique collection of Kazakh jewelry made during the eighteenth through twentieth centuries. These examples vary in form, type, and technique. The distinctive features commonly found on Kazakh jewelry make them true masterpieces which reflect a specific philosophical understanding of the world and demonstrate the great artistic abilities of the Kazakh people. Indeed, every element that comprises an individual piece of Kazakh jewelry, including its form, details, the material it was produced from, and patterns, has a specific purpose and meaning.\nKazakhstan’s abundant supply of nonferrous and precious metals, including gold and silver, encouraged the development of its metalwork for millennia. Casting, forging, molding, stamping, and embossing techniques emerged as early as the second millennium BC, during the Bronze Age, as did signatory traditional designs for jewelry worn by the Kazakhs both historically and today. Saka treasures discovered in different areas of Kazakhstan—the Issyk Kurgan and the Besshatyr, Kargaly, Altyn-Emel, Tagisken, Uigarak, and Berel burials—are true masterpieces.\nBy studying jewelry, scholars can discern a great deal of important social, economic, and cultural information about the people who wore them. The style of jewelry changed during the Migration Period when the Huns moved westward from 47 BC until the fourth century AD. Artisans applied fine metalwork to nearly all objects where metal was used, from jewelry and household items to harnesses.Year2022NationKazakhstan
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The Artistry of Humanity’s Mask CultureMasks are commonly used as disguises depicting face-like shapes of deities, humans, devils, and animals over the face. In Chinese characters, they can be called myeon (面), myeongu (面具), daemyeon (代面), gadoo (假頭), gasoo (假首), and so forth. In Korean, they have been called gwangdae, chorani, tal, talbak, takbagaji. However, strictly speaking, myeongu refers to a mask that covers only the front of the face, whereas a mask that covers whole head including the back of the head is separately called gadoo, gasoo and toodoo (套頭). In English-speaking regions, they are called “masks.”\n\nWood is a primary material to make masks, but paper, lightweight stones, bronze, fabric, and ceramics can also be used to. Masks are often colored with red clay or drawn with various dyes. By pasting paper or fabric on a carved wooden mask and then coating it with lacquer, the mask can be kept for a long time. That is the case with Hahoe Masks of Korea.Year2023NationSouth Korea
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Documenting Good Practices in Safeguarding of Traditional Woodcrafts in Kathmandu ValleyKathmandu Valley is well known for bricks, bronze, and woodcraftsmanship. Bricks, wood, and mud mortar are the main building materials of the vernacular architecture. Be they palaces, the houses of nobles, merchants, or the common people, the building materials and styles are similar. Increased wealth and position is evidenced in houses depending on their size, as well as elaborate windows and woodcarving. Wood is one of the main building materials as beams, doors, door and window frames, and stairs are all made from the wood (Tonna et al., 2019).Year2023NationNepal