Materials
oral traditions
ICH Materials 132
Photos
(49)-
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Batil )
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nBatil is the most important tool used in a performance of awang batil. The batil used is made of copper. Batil is a container used to store water.
Malaysia -
Awang Batil
Introduction\n\nIn Malaysia, there is a living traditional art where a storyteller develops the oral\ntradition, otherwise known as oral literature.\nOral tradition is the original source of Malay literature and translated into\nwritten literature. One of the practitioners of this oral tradition is known as\n'Awang Batil'. Apart from specialised storytellers such as Awang Batil, there are\nother transmissions of oral literature throughout the country, especially in\nvillages through folk stories or stories of elders that are collected, rewritten and\nmade into collections for children to read.\n\nAwang Batil\n\nAwang Batil is a storyteller who provided entertainment and education to the\npeople, especially to the villagers and local community. Awang Batil entertains\nand educates the community through many classic stories that he inherited.\nThrough those stories, the community is entertained and educated.\nOnce upon a time, Awang Batil functioned as a story book, novel, radio,\ntelevision, movie or video as it is now. He would travel from house to house,\nvillage to village, state to state including the state of Kedah, Penang and some\nareas in the Southern Region of Thailand, especially the Setol Region.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Hulubalang (Hulubalang’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of hulubalang. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Hulubalang (Hulubalang’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of hulubalang. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Wak Nujum (Wak Nujum’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of Wak Nujum. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Batil )
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nBatil is the most important tool used in a performance of awang batil. The batil used is made of copper. Batil is a container used to store water.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Batil )
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nBatil is the most important tool used in a performance of awang batil. The batil used is made of copper. Batil is a container used to store water.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Hulubalang (Hulubalang’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of hulubalang. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Wak Nujum (Wak Nujum’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of Wak Nujum. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Topeng Wak Nujum (Wak Nujum’s Mask))
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nThis mask is made from 'tui' wood. This mask is used when awang batil is telling stories about the character of Wak Nujum. It is painted in red and white.
Malaysia -
Malaysia, Awang Batil(Batil )
Awang Batil is a storyteller only found in the state of Perlis. He narrates a story by tapping a Batil (copper water container). In addition to the Batil, the storyteller also plays various instruments such as the violin, serunai, rebana, and gendang terinai. His performances are predominantly held in homes during wedding feasts and can sometimes span several days. Throughout his narration, he wears two masks representing the characters of a 'Hulubalang' (soldier) and the 'Wak Nujum' (fortune teller). These masks, typically made of wood and painted in red and white, add depth to his storytelling. Today, with the advent of digital media, the Awang Batil’s role has diminished, but the Perlis-based storyteller still entertains people with his delightful wit.\n\nBatil is the most important tool used in a performance of awang batil. The batil used is made of copper. Batil is a container used to store water.
Malaysia -
Shashmaqom music
Shashmaqam (means the six Maqams (modes)) is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which firstly developed in Bukhara. Shashmaqom (in Farsi - "Six maqoms") is a leading musical-cyclic genre of musical heritage of Uzbek and Tajik people. It includes a cycle of complex and perfect instrumental as well as vocal compositions encompassing different types of melos, forms, usuls (rhythmic formulae) and performances. Shashmaqom is a cycle consisting of six maqoms, namely Buzruk, Rost, Navo, Dugoh, Segoh and Iroq. Each of these consists of two parts respectively, i.e. instrumental one (which is called "Mushkilot") and vocal one (which is called "Nasr"), representing more than 250 cycles of instrumental and vocal compositions in total. Shashmaqom got formed in urban environment, and its bearers of traditions were well-known musicians and singers. Its vocal part was performed in Uzbek and Tajik languages. The texts were mainly taken from the poems of classics of oriental poetry (i.e. Rudaki, Jami, Lutfi, Navoi, Babur, Khafiz, Fizuli, Amiri, Nodira, Zebuniso, Ogahiy and others) and were dedicated to love-related, lyrical, philosophical, didactic, religious themes. Folk poetry examples were also used. Most widely used musical instrument was tanbur. It is based on tuning tanbur that the tonal basis of maqoms emerged. Instrumental part of each maqom included instrumental compositions such as "Tasnif", "Tarje", "Gardun", "Mukhammas" and "Sakil", performed either solo or by instrumental ensemble. However, each part differed with its own tune, character of melody, structure and usuls of doira. Vocal parts are considered the most difficult and complete ones in terms of structure, melos and form and are divided into two cycles (shuba): the first one includes "Sarakhbor", "Talqin", "Nasr" and "Ufar", performed by leading singer - hofiz (their melodies are more developed, of great range and complex form). Between main parts "Tarona" was sung by vocal ensemble as a connecting one (it is a small vocal piece, which has its own tunes, feature and forms). The second cycle (shuba) includes five-part cycles "Moghulcha" and "Savt" (except maqom "Iroq"). In addition to main parts, each maqom incorporates additional compositions: instrumental one (naghma, peshrav, samoyi, hafif), and vocal one (uzzol, ushshoq, bayot, chorgoh, nasrullo, oraz, khusayniy, navrozi sabo, khoro and ajam), the creators of which were bastakors (creators of oral musical tradition). Shashmaqom got formed, has been preserved, mastered and transmitted from generation to generation verbally, based on "Ustoz-shogird" ("master-apprentice") method of learning.
Uzbekistan