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ICH Elements 6
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Jeontongjang (Quiver Making)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Jeontongjang refers to the skill of making a quiver (a long case for carrying arrows), or to an artisan with such a skill. On the Korean Peninsula, the skill started to develop as early as the Neolithic Age. Quivers appear in murals in Ssangyeongchong Tomb dating from Goguryeo (circa 37 BC – 667 AD). Quiver ornaments were unearthed from tombs dating from Silla (circa 57 BC – 935 AD) and Baekje (18 BC – 935 AD). The development of firearms after the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592 – 1598) led to the decline of arrows and consequently, quivers. By the late Joseon Period (1392 – 1910), archery became a hobby and this affected the types of quivers used. Quivers were made of bamboo, paper, wood, or shark skin. Some of them were adorned with mother-of-pearl or engraved patterns. Bamboo quivers were made of transparent green-colored bamboo at least two years old. Bamboo pieces cut were stored in a shady place for more than two years and then put in watery caustic soda for three days to remove oily substance. The work was completed with the removal of nodes and the engraving of patterns.
South Korea -
Hwalssogi(Archery)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Archery is a cultural phenomenon occurring around the world. It has been continuously practiced in Korea from ancient times to the present. The Korean form of archery shows distinctive characteristics in the crafting of bows and arrows, physical skills in shooting arrows with a bow, and the mental preparations for archery. Records on archery can be found in materials from the Three Kingdoms period and later. These materials include government documents, personal collections of writings, and genre paintings. They play an important role in advancing research on the history of the martial arts. People in Korea still perform archery as a sport or pastime using bows and arrows made from mulberry wood, buffalo horn, and ox tendons to provide exceptional elasticity. Archery has long been established as a popular form of public physical activity nationwide. * As archery is not a skill or art relying on particular individuals or groups for its transmission, the designation of this element took place without recognizing particular holders or holder groups. This designation only applies to the type of archery practiced in a standing position (bosa 步射), the most popular form of archery in present-day Korea.
South Korea -
Dha-zo: The Art of Making Bow and Arrow
Archery is a game that people in Bhutan have been playing since time immemorial. It is played as a tournament, friendly game and recreationally. Archery has become so popular that it was declared the national game of Bhutan in 1971. With few exceptions, the materials used to make bows and arrows are common and standardized, and differ mainly because of their availability. Here in Paro, one of the western dzongkhags (districts), Mr. Rinchen Gyeltshen from the village of Shari in the Tsen-to Gewog (block) explains that archery was practiced in the days of his ancestors and that bow and arrow making never required formal, certified training or a course, but was learned naturally over time. More than 35 years ago, in the interest of the game itself, he began making bows and arrows. Even today, teenage boys can be seen enthusiastically playing archery in dry rice fields in the villages.
Bhutan -
Gungsijang (Bow and Arrow Making)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Gungsijang refers to the skill of making bows and arrows, or to such an artisan. A bow-making artisan is called gungjang and an arrow-making artisan is sijang in Korean. It is said that Koreans have displayed particularly excellent skills in the production of bows and arrows. In ancient times, the Chinese called Koreans Dongi, meaning people in the east skillful in archery and the production of bows. The shape of bows used in Goguryeo (37 BC – 660 AD) can be seen in murals dating from the period. They look similar to those used nowadays and so it is thought that the traditional bows have been handed down with no noticeable changes. Even during the Goryeo (877 – 1394) and Joseon (1392 – 1910) Periods, archery was regarded as an important skill. In the early Joseon Period, archery was one of the subjects that applicants for a state-administered exam for recruitment of military officers had to pass. With the introduction of matchlock rifles during the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592 – 1598), bows ceased to function as a weapon. Bamboo or mulberry wood, water buffalo horn and ox sinew were used in the production of bows. Korean bows were made with ox horn and sinews. They could send arrows a long distance. The body of the bow was mainly made of oak and mulberry wood, and bamboo is also used to increase the tensile strength. To make the bowstring and the parts for connecting it to the body, ox sinew, ox horn and yellow croaker glue were used. Bows were not made in summer, as the stickiness of yellow croaker glue is reduced in hot and humid weather. Tools used to make the bows were saw, plane, wood hammer, file, knife, awl, wood pincer, wood comb, and metal comb. Types of arrows included mokjeon (wood arrows), cheoljeon (metal arrows), yejeon (long arrows used in special events), sejeon (thin arrows), and yuyeopjeon (willow leave-shaped arrows). Bush clover wood, bamboo, metal pieces, bird feathers, pear skin and glue were used in the production of arrows, which were made throughout the year.
South Korea
ICH Materials 9
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Dha-zo: The Art of Making Bow and Arrow
Archery is a game that people in Bhutan have been playing since time immemorial. It is played as a tournament, friendly game and recreationally. Archery has become so popular that it was declared the national game of Bhutan in 1971. With few exceptions, the materials used to make bows and arrows are common and standardized, and differ mainly because of their availability. Here in Paro, one of the western dzongkhags (districts), Mr. Rinchen Gyeltshen from the village of Shari in the Tsen-to Gewog (block) explains that archery was practiced in the days of his ancestors and that bow and arrow making never required formal, certified training or a course, but was learned naturally over time. More than 35 years ago, in the interest of the game itself, he began making bows and arrows. Even today, teenage boys can be seen enthusiastically playing archery in dry rice fields in the villages.
Bhutan -
Dha-zo: The Art of Making Bow and Arrow
Archery is a game that people in Bhutan have been playing since time immemorial. It is played as a tournament, friendly game and recreationally. Archery has become so popular that it was declared the national game of Bhutan in 1971. With few exceptions, the materials used to make bows and arrows are common and standardized, and differ mainly because of their availability. Here in Paro, one of the western dzongkhags (districts), Mr. Rinchen Gyeltshen from the village of Shari in the Tsen-to Gewog (block) explains that archery was practiced in the days of his ancestors and that bow and arrow making never required formal, certified training or a course, but was learned naturally over time. More than 35 years ago, in the interest of the game itself, he began making bows and arrows. Even today, teenage boys can be seen enthusiastically playing archery in dry rice fields in the villages.
Bhutan