ALL
engraving
ICH Elements 9
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Jeontongjang (Quiver Making)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Jeontongjang refers to the skill of making a quiver (a long case for carrying arrows), or to an artisan with such a skill. On the Korean Peninsula, the skill started to develop as early as the Neolithic Age. Quivers appear in murals in Ssangyeongchong Tomb dating from Goguryeo (circa 37 BC – 667 AD). Quiver ornaments were unearthed from tombs dating from Silla (circa 57 BC – 935 AD) and Baekje (18 BC – 935 AD). The development of firearms after the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592 – 1598) led to the decline of arrows and consequently, quivers. By the late Joseon Period (1392 – 1910), archery became a hobby and this affected the types of quivers used. Quivers were made of bamboo, paper, wood, or shark skin. Some of them were adorned with mother-of-pearl or engraved patterns. Bamboo quivers were made of transparent green-colored bamboo at least two years old. Bamboo pieces cut were stored in a shady place for more than two years and then put in watery caustic soda for three days to remove oily substance. The work was completed with the removal of nodes and the engraving of patterns.
South Korea -
Đông Hồ Woodblock Printing
It is a woodblock print with brushstrokes, colored boards on dó paper, created by the community, with the content to reflect the agricultural society and farmers in Vietnam. There are 7 main themes (worship paintings, blessings, history, stories, proverbs, scenes and activities). The production process has 2 main stages: Creating patterns/carving boards and Printing/painting. Composing is a decisive stage, requiring many innate talents and high labor skills in artisans. Engraving board has 2 types, printed board and color printed board. Materials and tools for painting paintings include: do paper, assorted colors, color printing boards, printed boards, paperboards and squeakers (brushes made of pine needles). How to print pictures goes through many stages with different techniques. The art of Dong Ho paintings is symbolic, unique in the use of lines and colors. The content of the paintings reflects the social life from the point of view of folk aesthetics. There are currently only a few families in Dong Ho making prints.
Viet Nam -
Traditional Blacksmith
Blacksmithing includes a variety of techniques, including casting, welding, copper embossing, thread inlay, steel engraving, and double-engraved silver. Blacksmithing is inseparable from nomadic pastoral cultures, and is one of the wonders created by the nomadic pastoralists of Mongolia. The steel hearth, fire tongs, and other household tools are made by blacksmiths. Since ancient times, Mongolian artisans have made weapons and other army equipment, as well as tools and instruments, in a communal manner, meaning that blacksmithing workshops are found in many different sites in Mongolia. There are famous designs and schools of blacksmithing, such as Dariganga, Noyon Sevrei and Archuul, and although the artisan creates his work according to customary designs, one can find individual styles in their works. Traditionally, Mongolian artisans transmit their knowledge to the next generation through a master-to-apprentice way. In this method, the master becomes both a parent and teacher for the apprentice.
Mongolia -
Gakjajang (Calligraphic Engraving)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Gakjajang refers to the skill of engraving calligraphic letters to be used for wood printing blocks or to an artisan with such a skill. The oldest existing print done with wood blocks is the Great Dharani Sutra of Immaculate and Pure Light made in the Silla Period (circa 57 BC – 935 AD), while the wood blocks of the Tripitaka Koreana, made between 1236 and 1251 during the Goryeo Period, are regarded as the most outstanding still in existence. It became common practice to use hanging boards containing engraved characters in royal palaces and temples, and even in private houses. Towards the late Joseon Period (1392-1910), this once exquisite skill went into decline, but the reliance on the traditional practice of wood block printing remained high until it was pushed aside with the introduction of modern photography and printing technology during the colonial period.
South Korea
ICH Materials 46
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Dong Ho Folk Painting: A Breath of Indigenous Spirit
Dong Ho folk painting is produced in a village on the southern bank of the Duong River, about 25 km, northeast of Hanoi, Dong Ho paintings are printed using woodblocks on do paper, which is handcrafted from do tree bark growing in the forests of Vietnam. The tough, firm, and durable do paper plays a vital role in producing Dong Ho folk paintings. Imbued with refined natural colors, these paintings are created basted on the values and techniques that have been transmitted for generations, which is why they are still beloved by many people.
Viet Nam 2019 -
Dong Ho Woodblock Folk Paintings(KOR)
Dong Ho folk painting village is located on the southern bank of the Duong river in Song Ho commune, Thuan Thanh district, Bac Ninh province, about 25km northeast of Ha Noi. Dong Ho paintings are a traditional art form with their own characteristics. The characteristics of Dong Ho paintings are featured in their materials, colors and products that are printed with a woodblock. Dong Ho paintings are printed on Do paper, which is handcrafted paper produced manually from the bark of the Do tree that grows in the forests of Viet Nam. The film demonstrates the cultural aspects of the paintings in theme expressions and skills of making the woodblocks and printings.
Viet Nam 2019
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Mongolian Culture and HeritageThe culture of the Central Asian steppes expresses itself vividly in the lifestyle of traditional nomadic practices. Mongolian culture has been in practice in the nomadic life and the traditions surrounding the nomad’s home (ger). And it is present in religious celebrations, national festivals, art and crafts, music and dance, language and literature, which form the backbone of Mongolian intangible cultural heritage of Mongolia. Mongolia is filled with valuable cultural properties and intangible cultural heritage of humanity that have been kept or practiced for thousands of years.\n\nGer, Mongolian Traditional Dwelling\nThe traditional architecture of the Mongols differed strongly from that of the settled peoples of Asia and other continents. Centuries ago, there the ger, also known as a yurt, appeared. It still offers shelter to nomads in particular places in Central Asia. Its development and fundamental principles are determined by the specific features of the way of life of Mongol tribes, which made it necessary to evolve a light and collapsible structure to be used as a dwelling or for public functions.\n\nMongolian Language and Literature\nMongolian is the language of most of the Mongolian population and inner Mongolia. By origin, Mongolian is one of the Altaic family of languages, and the history of the Mongolian language is long and complicated. Significant literary work of early Mongolia includes The Secret History of the Mongols, which was published in 1228).\n\nMongolian Religion and Beliefs\nThe Mongols have practiced several religions, of which Shamanism and Buddhism were the most common. The faith in Mongolia is Buddhism, though the state and religion were separated during the socialist period, but with the transition to the parliamentary republic in the 1990s, there has been a general revival of faiths across the country\n\nMongolian Art and Crafts\nMongolian arts and crafts have been passed down across generations from the Paleolithic times to today, leaving behind deep impressions on all facets of life and conscious, aesthetic, and philosophical thinking. Highly developed Mongolian arts and crafts come from the second millennium BCE. The works included sculptured heads of wild animals with exaggerated features. Other items include knives, daggers, and other items of practical and religious use.\n\nMongolian Music and Dance\nMusic is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among Mongolia’s unique contributions to the world’s musical culture are the long songs, overtone singing, and morin khuur (the horse-headed fiddle). The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs written by contemporary authors in the form of folk songs.\n\nHorse Culture of Mongolia\nIt is famously known that horses play a large role in the Mongols’ daily and national lives. Common sayings are, “A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without wings,” and “Mongols are born on horseback” these are arguably true words. Even today, horse-based culture is still practiced by nomadic Mongolians.\n\nVisit https://www.toursmongolia.com/tours for additional information about Mongolian culture.\n\nPhoto 1 : Prairie meadow grass inner Mongolia traditional clothing © Batzaya Choijiljav\nPhoto 2~7 : © Batzaya ChoijiljavYear2020NationMongolia
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SAFEGUARDING DONG HO WOODBLOCK PRINTING IN VIETNAMDong ho woodblock printing originated in Dong Ho Village, Song Ho Commune, Thuan Thanh District, Bac Ninh Province, about 35 km east of Hanoi. The colors, color processing, printing paper, woodblock carving, and manual printing techniques, as well as the skills of craftspeople give dong ho woodblock printing its famous “naïve soul.” Printing colors, paper, and woodblocks are handcrafted from natural materials. Each color is printed on a separate woodblock, so the number of woodblocks used depends on the number of colors needed. In a multicolor print, craftsmen print colors in the following order: red, green, white, yellow, and finally black. After applying each color, craftsmen hang paintings to dry before printing another color.Year2016NationSouth Korea