ALL
cow milk
ICH Elements 9
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SHISHBASHIR upka
Skills of cooking of a dish with milk and lungs of ship, goat or cow. That is considered a favorit dish for guests and also during the wedding days people cook it.
Tajikistan -
PANIR Paniri khonagi
Home-made cheese which is prepared with milk of goat, sheep or cow.
Tajikistan -
Traditional knowledge related to the technique of leather work and leather products manufacturing
Historically, livestock herding has been one of the main livelihoods of the Kyrgyz people. That is why leather crafting has become an important craft and many household items are made out of leather. The skin of such domestic and wild animals as cows, horses, camels, yaks, sheep, goats, foxes, otters, mountain goats and deer is used for leathercraft. Sheep and goat skin is most widely used due to their accessibility. Sheep leather is used for making shoes and cloths. In the context of nomadic and pastoral lifestyle, dishes made out of leather are still popular. The vessels for milk products such as sabaa, kookor, konok, konochok were made out of processed camel of cow skin. The vessels are smoked with juniper or pine branches before use. Cattle skin is used to make leather for some household items such as wooden chests for dishes and utensils, horse tack (stirrups, various strips, reigns and whips), etc. Both women and men are engaged in leather work. At the same time there is a clear separation in labor. E.g. only men slaughter and skin animals. Men also process leather for horse tack and other large things. Women process skin of smaller animals such as sheep and goats. Women make such household items as vessels for milk products, various bags, sacks and cup-holders. Kyrgyz people tried to decorate leather items just like any other household item. There were many ways to decorate leather items. E.g. cup-holders were decorated with silver clips or patterns were craved right on the surface of leather. Leather items were made in different shapes. E.g. kookor, a vessel for kymyz, was made in a shape of an anchor, cup holders were cylindrical or semi-spherical. Carving or stamping patterns on the leather surface looks very good because it livens up the monotonous surface and makes it more pleasing to eye.
Kyrgyzstan -
Clay kiln
Dariganga people have this tradition of building open top kiln using mud and clay from the place where they moved and stayed in the new pasture. When building the kiln they put the cooking-pot (togoo) on the ground and took measures for the kiln. To build the kiln, the soil should be fewer stones and soft enough to dig. Once dug up the hole, stones removed from the soil, and soil mixed from lactic acid milk derived from the Eezgii . Additionally, the wet cow dung and clay usually mixed. The mixture of the soil and the lactic acid milk should be dry, if it’s too liquid then it is impossible to build a clay kiln. The role of the hole in the kiln is to set the fire with cow dung and collect the ashes inside.
Mongolia -
Traditional technique of preparing the dairy products
Mongolian traditional food is adjusted to the condition of the nomadic way of life. It is divided into milk or white products, meat or red products, and vegetable or green products. During summer and autumns, Mongols prefer to consume various different dairy products from milk of five livestock animals. Dairy products are generally produced by boiling, fermenting, distilling, brewing, extracting, separating or drying. Traditional food is dairy products, meat and green food or grain. Mongols do “Airag” from the mare’s milk, and do milk skim, youghurt, aaruul (oblong), with and orange eezgii, tsagaan tos (derived from the skim), tsorom by milk from sheep, goat and khoormog and aaruul from camel milk. Additionally, smoking, drying and preserving the meat from goat, cow and camel for making borts and shuuz. In addition, khorkhog, boodog, buuz and khuushuur and various different meals are made from sheep, goat and meat from hunting.
Mongolia -
Traditional knowledge related to making of dairy products (airan, suzmo, kurut, ezhigey, melted butter)
Kyrgyz people usually fermented dairy products. It can explained by the fact that fermented dairy products was the best way to preserve and consume milk. Main fermented cow dairy products are: ‘airan’ -yoghurt like product, which is fermented 5-6 hours; ‘suzmo’ which is prepared by adding some salt into airan. Suzmo also serves as a main ingredient for other dairy product such as ‘kurut’ (dried balls, made out of suzmo). Kurut used to be a snack in almost every household and has various types as ‘chii kurut’ or ‘mai kurut’. ‘Ezhigey’ is also one of the popular dairy products, which is particularly a cheese, made of sheep milk. Melted butter is prepared by boiling "kaymak" (fatty sour cream)
Kyrgyzstan -
Traditional knowledge related to making of beverage – ‘Kumys’
Since ancient times, nomads used to drink ‘kymyz’ from mare, cow and camel milk. Even now on ‘jailoo’ (pastures), the way of making kymyz remained the same as centuries ago. The most valued kymyz is made of mare’s milk. From spring until the late autumn, horses grace on mountain pastures. During this period, mare’s milk is collected. Traditionally, both men and women are engaged in the process. After the collection of the milk, it is poured into the leather bag ‘saba’ where the leaven of kymyz is always kept. Then the milk inside the cube is whipped thoroughly, for about half an hour using a stake. It takes about 12-15 hours for the kymyz to reach the condition.
Kyrgyzstan -
Making of Suun Khuruud (Oblong fritter)
Mongolian people ferment clotted milk from cow, ewe and nanny goat and distil the milk-vodka. The cheese curds are separated from the whey in gauze sack. The separated cheese curds are called aarts. These cheese curds are squeezed in square and sliced into oblong flitters by wire and dried out on the rack. These are called as Suun khuruud (oblong fritters), and the can be kept for a long time. These are dainties not only for young people, but also for old people by their taste and nourishment.
Mongolia -
Making of Eezgii (Boiled curds)
Mongols milk cow, ewe ir nanny goat and boil the milk gently. Then they curdle the boiled milk. Curdled milk releases whey. Then it is boiled in the whey until the whey is absorved away. Mongols scatter the boiled curdles on the rack to dry and store them for winter use. They also mix the boiled curds with cream or milk skim and eat it. The boiled curds are a combination of all good qualities of dairy products. They are the nourishing food. Only Mongolians make these kinds of products from molk. The boiled curds are good treatment for chromic troubles of gall and liver.
Mongolia