The culture of making and sharing flatbread in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey carries social functions that have enabled it to continue as a widely-practised tradition. Making the bread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) involves at least three people, often family members, with each having a role in its preparation and baking. In rural areas, neighbours participate in the process together. Traditional bakeries also make the bread. It is baked using a tandyr/tanūr (an earth or stone oven in the ground), sāj (a metal plate) or kazan (a cauldron).

The culture of making and sharing flatbread in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey carries social functions that have enabled it to continue as a widely-practised tradition. Making the bread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) involves at least three people, often family members, with each having a role in its preparation and baking. In rural areas, neighbours participate in the process together. Traditional bakeries also make the bread. It is baked using a tandyr/tanūr (an earth or stone oven in the ground), sāj (a metal plate) or kazan (a cauldron).

The culture of making and sharing flatbread in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey carries social functions that have enabled it to continue as a widely-practised tradition. Making the bread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) involves at least three people, often family members, with each having a role in its preparation and baking. In rural areas, neighbours participate in the process together. Traditional bakeries also make the bread. It is baked using a tandyr/tanūr (an earth or stone oven in the ground), sāj (a metal plate) or kazan (a cauldron).

The culture of making and sharing flatbread in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey carries social functions that have enabled it to continue as a widely-practised tradition. Making the bread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) involves at least three people, often family members, with each having a role in its preparation and baking. In rural areas, neighbours participate in the process together. Traditional bakeries also make the bread. It is baked using a tandyr/tanūr (an earth or stone oven in the ground), sāj (a metal plate) or kazan (a cauldron).

Funerals are among the many rituals where fines mats are exchanged.

There are two kinds of Phar-Si drums that are male drum and female drum. Female drum is a normal drum that we have seen. Male drum is different from the normal drum because it is the part of shape of the half body drum. The perimeter of playing surface is made of the big circular shapes. It is positioned the shape of one to five frogs. It features four frogs on the perimeter of playing surface with clockwise direction. It is made not only the shape of frog but also the shape of other small animals, the shape of paddy and banyan leaf and the shape of the sun rays that spread out all direction. Two frogs from right and two frogs from left are made face to face in the playing surface that is called an inauspicious drum. It is made of bronze, alloy of gold, silver, lead and Zinc. It can be played together with hands. Right hand hits the surface of drum and left hand has to be played by stooping to go under the drum with thin stick or bamboo fiber. There are two kinds of drums that are auspicious drum and inauspicious drum. The auspicious drum is during solar eclipse, moon eclipse, the wedding ceremony, happy new year ceremony and funfair. The inauspicious drum is played at funeral and the collection of the dead people bones.\n-2 feet 5 inches in length\n-18 inches the diameter of tip\n-13 inches in length that is covered the cow skin