Kazakh Kuresi represents ancient form and style of Kazakh traditional wrestling, essential element of all festive events, celebrations and integral part of modern Kazakhstani national identity. Since ancient times, the beauty of this sports and strength of the hero-wrestlers “Baluans” have been reflected in folk epics, fairy legends, Kazakh literature like the poem of Iliyas Zhansugurov “Kulager” and Gabit Musrepov’s novel “Ulpan”, and archaeological findings.\nWrestling of two opponents is performed on 12m.x 12m. sized mat. The opponents are matched according to their weight category ranging from 60 kg and above 90 kg. All techniques are performed above the waist – wrestlers must fight on foot, making it more difficult. Wrestling on the ground is prohibited. The purpose is to lay the opponent on shoulders. Duration of the match is 5 minutes with extra time of 3 minutes which is offered in case of even number of points.\nEvaluation of matches is counted by: a) “Buk” – if the opponent touches the mat with abdomen, knee or both knees; b) “Zhambas” is given for three “Buks” or when the opponent touches the mat with one side of pelvis or both; b) “Zhartylay zhenis” is awarded for the technique when the opponent touches the mat with both shoulders.

Kuresi in Kazakhstan is a type of wrestling that requires players to battle it out on foot, the objective being to get the opponent’s shoulders on the ground. It is a traditional practice where trainers would coach young boys who would then take part in local contests.

Kuresi in Kazakhstan is a type of wrestling that requires players to battle it out on foot, the objective being to get the opponent’s shoulders on the ground. It is a traditional practice where trainers would coach young boys who would then take part in local contests.

Kazakh Kuresi represents ancient form and style of Kazakh traditional wrestling, essential element of all festive events, celebrations and integral part of modern Kazakhstani national identity. Since ancient times, the beauty of this sports and strength of the hero-wrestlers “Baluans” have been reflected in folk epics, fairy legends, Kazakh literature like the poem of Iliyas Zhansugurov “Kulager” and Gabit Musrepov’s novel “Ulpan”, and archaeological findings.\nWrestling of two opponents is performed on 12m.x 12m. sized mat. The opponents are matched according to their weight category ranging from 60 kg and above 90 kg. All techniques are performed above the waist – wrestlers must fight on foot, making it more difficult. Wrestling on the ground is prohibited. The purpose is to lay the opponent on shoulders. Duration of the match is 5 minutes with extra time of 3 minutes which is offered in case of even number of points.\nEvaluation of matches is counted by: a) “Buk” – if the opponent touches the mat with abdomen, knee or both knees; b) “Zhambas” is given for three “Buks” or when the opponent touches the mat with one side of pelvis or both; b) “Zhartylay zhenis” is awarded for the technique when the opponent touches the mat with both shoulders.

The Inai Dance is a traditional dance of Malay palaces performed during circumcision ceremonies of palace dignataries and also during wedding ceremonies. This dance has specific procedures to produce difficult finger and hand movements in a continous circular position. The dance also combines the dance movements found in Mak Yong traditional theatre, the silat martial art and acrobatic arts. The Tari Inai Dance has a special dance form that is showing off a dancer’s capability to balance the body and bend backward to pick up a paper money using the mouth.

The Inai Dance is a traditional dance of Malay palaces performed during circumcision ceremonies of palace dignataries and also during wedding ceremonies. This dance has specific procedures to produce difficult finger and hand movements in a continous circular position. The dance also combines the dance movements found in Mak Yong traditional theatre, the silat martial art and acrobatic arts. The Tari Inai Dance has a special dance form that is showing off a dancer’s capability to balance the body and bend backward to pick up a paper money using the mouth.

The Tortoise traditional dance was inspired by the community’s observation of tortoises that live in rivers, lakes or pools. It started from an event whereby a fisherman unexpectedly hooked a tortoise. The community made the event as a joke, there then sparked a tortoise dance movement. This dance was in its splendour era during the 1950s to the 1960s. This dance was spotted at the earliest originated and rooted at Sarang Tiong Village, Endau, Kuala Rompin, Pahang, inspired and developed by expert individuals in the martial arts of silat, and created as entertainment. A dancer’s body movement and facial expression are according to a tortoise’s behaviour. The dance movement and dancers’ facial mimics are adapted so as to add to the humourous entertainment element that can attract the audience with comedy actions as well as entertaining. There are three versions of this dance according to its location. At Sarang Tiong Village it was inspired from an event whereby a wife who had a penchant to eat tortoise but her husband could not catch one. Then the wife dreamt an old man gave her the tip to catch a tortoise and that was to use banana bait as this is the tortoise’s favourite food. After the incident tortoise became a hot topic at the village. To celebrate the success there then sparked an idea to realise a dance form from a tortoise’s movement that can attract the public with a humorous and tickling performance. The Tortoise Dance at Pulau Rumput Village, Pekan, Pahang was brought in by Mr Iderus bin Ginuh from Alai Village in Rompin to Pekan in !964. At Jambu Village, Pekan this dance is based on the experience of a fisherman named Pak Ngah Hitam in Endau, Kuala Rompin who was amazed at a tortoise’s behaviour when trying to eat his bait. He then imitated the tortoise’s actions and stylised a dance resembling that of a tortoise movement with no link to the silat matial arts movement.

Kurash is a type of national fight traditional among Turkic peoples, which is officially included in the world network of non-Olympic sports and is supported by UNESCO. Kurash is the oldest type of martial arts, the roots of which are located on the territory of modern Uzbekistan. According to the latest scientific research, the age of Kurash is at least three and a half thousand years. Kurash is one of the most ancient types of martial arts known to humanity. Kurash is an Turkic word, in translation means - "achieving the goal in an honest way." In those ancient times, it was martial arts and public physical entertainment at traditional holidays, feasts and weddings. References to it can be found in many ancient literary sources.

Kurash is a type of national fight traditional among Turkic peoples, which is officially included in the world network of non-Olympic sports and is supported by UNESCO. Kurash is the oldest type of martial arts, the roots of which are located on the territory of modern Uzbekistan. According to the latest scientific research, the age of Kurash is at least three and a half thousand years. Kurash is one of the most ancient types of martial arts known to humanity. Kurash is an Turkic word, in translation means - "achieving the goal in an honest way." In those ancient times, it was martial arts and public physical entertainment at traditional holidays, feasts and weddings. References to it can be found in many ancient literary sources.

Kurash is a type of national fight traditional among Turkic peoples, which is officially included in the world network of non-Olympic sports and is supported by UNESCO. Kurash is the oldest type of martial arts, the roots of which are located on the territory of modern Uzbekistan. According to the latest scientific research, the age of Kurash is at least three and a half thousand years. Kurash is one of the most ancient types of martial arts known to humanity. Kurash is an Turkic word, in translation means - "achieving the goal in an honest way." In those ancient times, it was martial arts and public physical entertainment at traditional holidays, feasts and weddings. References to it can be found in many ancient literary sources.

Kurash is a type of national fight traditional among Turkic peoples, which is officially included in the world network of non-Olympic sports and is supported by UNESCO. Kurash is the oldest type of martial arts, the roots of which are located on the territory of modern Uzbekistan. According to the latest scientific research, the age of Kurash is at least three and a half thousand years. Kurash is one of the most ancient types of martial arts known to humanity. Kurash is an Turkic word, in translation means - "achieving the goal in an honest way." In those ancient times, it was martial arts and public physical entertainment at traditional holidays, feasts and weddings. References to it can be found in many ancient literary sources.

Silat-tasmil comes from two terms: silat (martial arts) and tasmil in Bunak language, meaning village, and in Indonesian, meaning kampung. Silat-tasmil, is a traditional form of martial arts practiced by the local community in the village. This art combines combat skills and spirituality, serving as an element of cultural expression and community identity.\nToday, practitioners in of this element are aging, and some have passed away. Young people who are familiar with this practice often leave the village for work and do not continue the tradition of local martial arts. Efforts are needed to preserve and pass on Silat Thasmil to future generations.\n