Wood engraving has two main types: half engraving and whole engraving. There is a template of engraving that is called tsoi in Mongolia. Whole engraving is used for making a variety of items, such as the horse currycomb, chest, tiger-legged table, bed, and a cast of traditional cookie, as well as an arrow, pieces of a chess game, toys, and religious items and idols. Animals such as lion, tiger, dragon, and elephant, all of which symbolize strength and power, are engraved on the wooden doors of gers, while religious symbols and ornaments are engraved on the doors of temples and monasteries. Carving a pair of intertwined dragons on top of poles in gers and temples is common.

Wood engraving has two main types: half engraving and whole engraving. There is a template of engraving that is called tsoi in Mongolia. Whole engraving is used for making a variety of items, such as the horse currycomb, chest, tiger-legged table, bed, and a cast of traditional cookie, as well as an arrow, pieces of a chess game, toys, and religious items and idols. Animals such as lion, tiger, dragon, and elephant, all of which symbolize strength and power, are engraved on the wooden doors of gers, while religious symbols and ornaments are engraved on the doors of temples and monasteries. Carving a pair of intertwined dragons on top of poles in gers and temples is common.

The creation of this reference book, “The Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Mongols” sticks to the vision, principle and classifications of the UNESCO Convention of the ICH. This book consists of five chapters, each dealing with a domain of the ICH and explaining every episode. The national language and dialect, romantic oral literature, folk knowledge, wisdom and method, tangible art, delicately inventive and traditionally undying crafts, folk art, national toys and games, human feelings, decencies, solemn ceremonies and festivities of Mongolia are inexhaustibly rich sources and have subtle differences in nuance.

This publication of the guide book on intangible cultural heritage of the Philippines is the precious result of the enthusiastic efforts made by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) to reconfirm and restore the national treasure of the long protected traditional culture, which have been alienated and marginalized during the colonial period of many centuries. This guide book has been edited to understand holistically the entire aspects of living heritage, the five domains defined by the Convention, and emphasize the importance of the communities practicing and transmitting them.