National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Yundojang means the skill of making a geomantic compass with 24 directions marked in a circle or an artisan with such a skill. Yundo is a tool used by a geomancer when looking for a propitious site for a house or tomb. Its name appears in literature dating from the Joseon Period (1392 – 1910). This tool was first used during the late Silla Period (circa 57 BC – 935 AD). Geomancers used it in the early Goryeo Period (877 – 1394) as one of the most important tools in the practice of feng shui and yin-yang geomancy During the Joseon Period, even ordinary travelers came to use it. Astronomers used it to designate the meridian for their portable sundials. Yundo shows the names of the twenty-four basic directions written around a magnetic needle at the center. Shown also on its face are the cosmic dual forces of yin-yang, the five basic elements, and eight trigrams for divination, ten calendar signs and twelve zodiac signs. The names of directions themselves are a combination of the eight trigrams, ten calendar signs and twelve zodiac signs.

National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Ogwangdae refers to a mask dance played in southern areas. “O” in the name Ogwangdae is said to have stemmed from Ohaengseol (Five Element Theories). This was one of the rites villagers performed at the beginning of the year in the lunar calendar. On the night of the New Year’s Day, people held the rite of Cheollyongje (Rite to the Heavenly Dragon). On the night of the year’s first full moon (January 15 on the lunar calendar), they performed jisin bapgi (“earth spirit treading”) followed by the Ogwangdae Dance. Gasan Ogwangdae is composed of six acts, Obangsin (Deities of the Five Directions)’s Dance, Yeongno Dance, Leper’s Dance, Nobleman’s Dance, Monk’s Dance, and Dance of the Old Couple. The play includes satire about nobles harassing commoners, depraved monks, and male chauvinism as it appears in the custom of allowing a man to take multiple wives. Gasan Ogwangdae Nori is distinguished from the versions performed in other areas, as it includes Obangsin’s Dance with the story that the husband dies at the end of the play unlike the other versions in which the wife dies. One or two lepers appear in the other versions, but this one, performed in Gasan-ri, Chukdong-myeon, Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, has five lepers who dance, sing, and engage in tujeon nori (card game).