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hat
ICH Elements 12
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Nongak, community band music, dance and rituals in the Republic of Korea
Inscribed in 2014 (9.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Nongak is a fusion performing art genre that combines a percussion ensemble (with occasional use of wind instruments), parading, dancing, drama, and acrobatic feats. It has been practiced for various purposes, such as appeasing gods, chasing evil spirits and seeking blessings, praying for a rich harvest in spring, celebrating the harvest at autumn festivals, fund-raising for community projects, and professional entertainment. Any joyful community event was never complete without uproarious music and dance performed by the local band clad in colorful costumes. The resultant ecstatic excitement (sinmyeong) is often defined as a preeminent emotional characteristic of Korean people. The music frequently uses uneven beats of complex structures like simple three-time, compound time, and simple and compound time. Small hand-held gongs and hourglass drums, with their metal and leather sounds, play the main beats, while large gongs and barrel drums create simple rhythmic accents. The small hand-held drum players focus more on dancing than playing music. Dancing includes individual skill demonstrations, choreographic formations, and streamer dances. Actors wearing masks and peculiar outfits perform funny skits. Acrobatics include dish spinning and miming antics by child dancers carried on the shoulders of adult performers. Nongak was most often performed and enjoyed by grassroots people, but there were also professional groups putting on entertainment shows. In recent years, professional repertoires have evolved into the percussion quartet “Samul Nori” and the non-verbal theatrical show “Nanta,” dramatically emphasizing the music element and thereby appealing to broader audiences at home and from abroad.
South Korea 2014 -
Jinju Samcheonpo Nongak (Farmers' Performance of Samcheonpo, Jinju)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea Farm music performed when farmers are working while helping each other, by forming a cooperative farming team, in a broad sense, refers to music performed when people march, work, hold ceremonies, and enjoy games while beating small gongs, gongs, hourglass drums, and drums. The performers are called gut, maegu, pungjang, geumgo, or chwigun. All performers play musical instruments while wearing hats. In Pangut (entertainment-oriented performance), the chaesangmo game makes a fine show. On the other hand, paljinhaesikjingut, a military game, looks unique. Its beat is fast, powerful, and exciting. Jinju Samcheonpo Nongak, a successor of pangut, has higher artistic value. In Paljinbeop, Beokku Nori, sangsoe (leader of the farmers’ music troupe), and Mudong Nori (kids sing and dance), individual skills are excellent.
South Korea 2014 -
Gimcheon Geumneung Binnae Nongak (Farmers' Performance of Binnae Village, Gimcheon)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea This is a variety of nongak, literally "farmers' music," that has been transmitted in Binnae Village in Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. It belongs to the nongak tradition of the inland region of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. The nongak practice in Binnae Village is distinguished from other local farmers' music traditions by the magnificent sounds of large barrel drums played with both hands and by the configurations players create during pan gut (entertainment-centered shows) that mimic the training of Joseon-era soldiers.
South Korea 2014 -
GHUR-GHURBOZI
This game is played in the winter season, on the snow field, by teenagers with toqis traditional hats.
Tajikistan