ALL
ramadan
ICH Elements 7
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Flatbread making and sharing culture: Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka
The culture of flatbread making and sharing, represented with the names Lavash-Katyrma-Jupka-Yufka, is a set of traditional knowledge, views, skills and rituals related to preparation, baking, storing, using and sharing of traditional thin bread that performs specific cultural and social functions within the related communities in Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey and is transmitted from generations to generations. Flatbread tradition is a symbol of shared cultural identity and serves expression of mutual respect among communities. The five countries share a number of common features, skills and knowledge related to preparation and use of the flatbread. Tradition bearers usually prepare the flatbread from unleavened or leavened dough based on flour, salt and water, while also adding sometimes milk, butter, sesame and poppy seeds. Communities use different types of crops to prepare the dough, such as wheat and rye. The dough is rolled by hand or using a dough roller into round or oval shape. In Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey and some communities of Kyrgyzstan, flatbread is baked in earthen or stone ovens called “tandyr” or “tanūr” buried into the ground. Some communities in Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Turkey bake the flatbread (yufka or lavash) on a metal plate known as “sac” (“saj” or “sāj”) over the fire. Communities in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan bake the flatbread by laying out rolled dough in big cauldrons (‘kazan’) heated on fire. As a result of this baking style, practitioners manage to maintain nutritious qualities of the flatbreads and store them for several months without refrigerator. Various methods, techniques, instruments and substances are used by flatbread-preparing practitioners. The preparation of flatbread involves traditional practices based on collective labour and sharing within family and neighbourhood. As expression of social solidarity in rural areas, families prepare and bake flatbread together with their neighbours, especially as a preparation for winter. The flatbread is baked both at homes by family members and flatbread bakers, who learn the practice through a master-apprentice relationship. The flatbread preparation bears a great variety of social and cultural functions for its communities in terms of its usage at special occasions and its relation to transition between seasons. Communities of five countries consider flatbread preparation places sacred. In Kazakhstan, communities believe preparing flatbread at funerals helps the deceased get protection from the burning Sun, while waiting for decision of the God. To wish prosperity and wealth to newly-married couple, in Azerbaijani and Iranian weddings the flatbread lavash is often put on shoulders of the bride, while in Turkish weddings dried flatbread yufka is crumbled over the head of the bride. In Kyrgyzstan, tradition bearers believe that flatbread helps sick people. In some religious ceremonies and traditional weddings in Iran flatbread is served as a component of the sacred offering. During the preparation of flatbread, it is shared with all passers-by as a sign of hospitality. Flatbread culture is expression of belonging to common cultural roots. It reinforces cultural links and serves as marker of hospitality, conviviality and friendliness within the societies of five countries.
Azerbaijan,Iran,Kyrgyzstan,Kazakhstan,Turkey 2016
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Iftar and its socio-cultural traditions
Iftar (from the Arabic language opening the mouth, breaking the fast) is a custom associated with fasting in Islam. According to the Qur'an, a person who breaks a fast should feed others. In Islam, holding a feast with the participation of many people - Iftar is one of the meritorious deeds in Islam.
Uzbekistan
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Eid holidays
NAYIT is an Arabic word. Eid means holiday. In the Islamic tradition, two Eids are officially celebrated as religious holidays: the great Eid or the Eid of Sacrifice (Arabic: Eid al-Kabir, Eid al-Adha) and the lesser Eid, or Eid of fasting (Arabic: Eid al-Sagheer, Eid al-Fitr). Eid al-Adha is associated with the pilgrimage and sacrifice, and Eid al-Fitr is about opening the mouth at the end of the month of Ramadan. Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the 10th day of Zu-l-Hijjah, and Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the 1st day of Shawwal. Eid al-Fitr prayer in the mosque in the morning, giving al-Fitr charity (before the Eid al-Fitr prayer), and making sacrifices on Eid al-Fitr, etc. rites related to Islam arose. In many places, the local customs of the peoples are included in these Eid rituals: sharing food on the eve, wearing new clothes, giving "Hayt", going for a walk, visiting loved ones, etc. also joined.
Uzbekistan
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NISHALLO, nishollo, nishavlo
A traditional sweetness of Tajiks similar to halva. It is prepared with white of egg, sugar and bekhi – a kind of plant. That is special sweet for Ramadan month and other celebrations.
Tajikistan
ICH Materials 35
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Eid holidays
NAYIT is an Arabic word. Eid means holiday. In the Islamic tradition, two Eids are officially celebrated as religious holidays: the great Eid or the Eid of Sacrifice (Arabic: Eid al-Kabir, Eid al-Adha) and the lesser Eid, or Eid of fasting (Arabic: Eid al-Sagheer, Eid al-Fitr). Eid al-Adha is associated with the pilgrimage and sacrifice, and Eid al-Fitr is about opening the mouth at the end of the month of Ramadan. Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the 10th day of Zu-l-Hijjah, and Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the 1st day of Shawwal. Eid al-Fitr prayer in the mosque in the morning, giving al-Fitr charity (before the Eid al-Fitr prayer), and making sacrifices on Eid al-Fitr, etc. rites related to Islam arose. In many places, the local customs of the peoples are included in these Eid rituals: sharing food on the eve, wearing new clothes, giving "Hayt", going for a walk, visiting loved ones, etc. also joined.\n
Uzbekistan -
Eid holidays
NAYIT is an Arabic word. Eid means holiday. In the Islamic tradition, two Eids are officially celebrated as religious holidays: the great Eid or the Eid of Sacrifice (Arabic: Eid al-Kabir, Eid al-Adha) and the lesser Eid, or Eid of fasting (Arabic: Eid al-Sagheer, Eid al-Fitr). Eid al-Adha is associated with the pilgrimage and sacrifice, and Eid al-Fitr is about opening the mouth at the end of the month of Ramadan. Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the 10th day of Zu-l-Hijjah, and Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the 1st day of Shawwal. Eid al-Fitr prayer in the mosque in the morning, giving al-Fitr charity (before the Eid al-Fitr prayer), and making sacrifices on Eid al-Fitr, etc. rites related to Islam arose. In many places, the local customs of the peoples are included in these Eid rituals: sharing food on the eve, wearing new clothes, giving "Hayt", going for a walk, visiting loved ones, etc. also joined.\n
Uzbekistan
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2019 Living Heritage Series: Traditional Food
This book explores creative and historical traditional food of the world through the articles provided by sixteen authors from different countries. Food is a critical element in human life and is intimately linked to the history and identity of individuals and communities. Traditional food and food ways of a community, region, or an ethnic group have become unique practices through close interactions reflecting the diverse features of the community, including the natural environment, society, politics, economy, and culture. Traditional food and food ways are then firmly embedded in the community while they are transmitted, adapted, and recreated across generations. As such, traditional food is an indispensable element in communal life and is the root of life. This book presents information on ICH reflected in traditional food and allows readers to explore the intangible value of traditional food through historical backgrounds and stories concerning the food.
South Korea 2019 -
2011 Field Survey Report: Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding Efforts in Kyrgyzstan
Based on the ICHCAP Field Survey on Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding Efforts in some East and Central Asian countries from 2009 to 2012, this summary provides a brief overview on the ICH situation in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan . The summary focuses mainly on ICH safeguarding systems, safeguarding policies, and ICH inventories as well as on pending issues and the urgent safeguarding needs of these countries. Moreover, information on the main entities in charge of ICH safeguarding and opinions of each country on the issue of community involvement are provided. To give a quick overview these countries’ participation in ICH safeguarding at the international level, some additional information related to UNESCO is specified as well. This survey report offers a large sample of the diverse ICH situations in East Asian and Central Asian countries. Although each country has a different background on issue of intangible heritage, depending on its cultural, economic, and socio-political situation, the countries participating in the survey share a commonality: They are post-communist countries that were once under the Soviet system. Moreover, they share a traditional culture shaped by nomadic pastoralism that offers a variety of cultural similarities. For instance, they keep an ancient and rich tradition of epic singing, and they are highly concerned about this oral heritage as it is on the brink of disappearance. In this sense, they have much to exchange and share in regards to safeguarding ICH. The countries participating in the survey are concerned with the threats against their ICH, but most of these nations are in the early process of defining ICH and establishing independent national ICH lists. At the same time, each country expresses a high degree of motivation and encouragement for safeguarding ICH, sharing experiences, and participating in international cooperation programmes. Apart from the main subject, a brief glimpse is taken on the situation of intellectual property in ICH safeguarding in each country. Compared to the Southwest Asian countries that participated in the field survey, the East Asian and Central Asian countries provided little information on intellectual property issues, so it is recommended that ICHCAP undertake the Field Survey on Intellectual Property Issues in the Process of ICH Information Building and Information Sharing in some countries to see their status on this subject.\n\n- Ratified the ICH Convention in 2011; survey conducted in 2012\n- As of December 2014, has two ICH elements on the RL and two accredited NGOs
Kyrgyzstan 2011
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Traditional Food in SyriaLong known as the cradle of civilization, the area that bounds from the fertile valleys of Al-Hasakeh, across the ancient deserts of Palmyra, and westward to the Mediterranean Sea, includes present-day Syria. Due to the vastness of the region, it is no wonder that Syrian cuisine boasts a rich culinary heritage dened by exceptional diversity and human creativity.Year2019NationSouth Korea
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Cultures in a Cosmopolitan City: Challenges, Changes, and ContinuityThere are various phenomena that pose a risk to living heritage, ranging from demographic issues to economic pressures, as identified by UNESCO (see https://ich.unesco.org/dive/threat/). This article will address three ongoing issues commonly believed to present a considerable challenge to the viability and practice of ICH in highly urbanized cities: limited land area, increasing focus on modern technology, and the COVID-19 pandemic.\nAs a metropolis with a population of 5.45 million across 728 square kilometers, Singapore must keep abreast of developments in modern technology and urbanization, along with the social, cultural, and economic changes they bring. Similarly, as a hub of international travel and business, Singapore had to navigate the waves of change brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, and its implications on the city-state’s ICH.Year2022NationSingapore