Ratten or Phdao is a vine with a strong trunk, and thorns on the bark, stems, and leaves. There are many types of rattan, water rattan, Krek rattan, Chveang rattan, Arex rattan, Dambong rattan, Preah rattan…etc. Whereas Liana is also a type of vine like rattan, but the stem is smaller. Both types of plants grow in the wild and can be used for many purposes such as to make a string or Knouch, or they can also be used as a weaving material. In addition, rattan can be made into various furniture such as tables, cabinets, chairs, sofas, and so on. Liana can be used to weave tables, chairs, sofas, chairs, rugs, baskets, and other home decor items. Although some rattan and liana production time is done over a long period of time like bamboo weaving, the method of using rattan and liana as materials are not as difficult as bamboo, as there is no need to split and paste them into small pieces, just cut from the forest and you can use it as you wish. Rattan and liana accessories are still popular among Cambodians because they are lighter, more durable, and cheaper compared to wooden objects. Making traditional rattan and liana products is a lucrative job in addition to farming. But some take it as the main business as well.

Inscribed in 2015 (10.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Tugging rituals and games of Vietnam have different characteristics, meanings and rules. The element is held as part of village festivals in Spring, a form for communities to pray for abundant harvests and prosperity, marking the start of a new agricultural cycle. Tugging game symbolizes the power of natural forces like the sun, water source that influence the harvests. In some localities, tugging game is associated with the legends of worshiped heroes for their merit in reclaiming the land, fighting against foreign invaders, protecting prosperous life of the people. It is usually held at the communal houses or temples after the rirual of commemoration of local guardian deities finished. The material used for tugging varies from region to region, reflecting the ecological and cultural context of each community, it can be made of bamboo, rattan stems, or ropes. The procedure for selecting teams or players is in accordance to the ritual rules, and the winning or losing team is regulated by customs to express certain religious meanings and the harmony of nature. Nowadays, tugging rituals and games are popularly known as a folk game that is entertaining, sporty and collective.

Cambodia,South Korea,Philippines,Viet Nam 2015