ALL
vegetarian
ICH Elements 10
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Kharphu: The White God Ritual
Kharphu (The White God Ritual) is celebrated every year on fourth month of Bhutanese calendar. Though meaning of Kharphu cannot be stated clearly but village older bearer believes Kharphu means “white god ritual” where no animal sacrifices are made. There are two types of Kharphu namely Gudpa (Extended) and Chunku (Abridged) which are observed consecutively every year. During a larger kharphu, dish called pan is prepared and served, and is observed for 3 days, while in smaller Kharphu pan (Wild betel leave fried) serving is skipped and is observed for two days. The origin of Kharphu and its story is has been transmitted verbally from generation to generation. Ex.Tshogpa Lhalungla is a descendent of one of the host family, he shared that as per the story he received from the older people of village that when the people settled in Chali as per their karmic action, during those days no matter how much they work, the grains and cereals were not enough to feed their family, food they eat didn’t contain nutrition, cloth they wear don’t provide the warmth, even they can’t sleep soundly. Then people gathered to discuss over it. During meeting one the villager pointed out that we don’t have a god to guide and protect us, and this may be the reason we have been suffering. Then all the villagers agreed that then need a god. Among them there was a man named Sherub, who is farsighted, knowledgeable and reliable man. Then villagers insisted him to go and receive god. He denied, saying he is incapable for this task. He said this task can be only accomplished by Gomchen phawang (Bat). Then sherub went in all the direction in search of bat but met with gods of four directions but couldn’t find bat. Then one of the god from four direction prophesied that bet is inside their village only, inside a cave call Asi-kaure draphy (cave) which shadow falls in water and water splashes on the walls of cave. And this place is believed to be located at the bottom of Kongla bra (Kongla cliff) at the end of Chali and still there are many bats in it. Bat was brought to the village and at first, bat also denied the villagers request but towards end of the day bat accepted but he said gift has to be taken for sons and daughters of god. For sons they arranged three armful of arrows and for daughters three Urka (Lether sack) full of Bakur (square shaped bamboo container). Then, bat made his journey towards north. After a long journey bat reached Tsampa, place believed to be located in Tibet, where god Gung-Lha-Lhapsang Gyelpo resides. Finally he could meet the god and shared his reason for visit. God criticize him about his face, legs and wings, so, he can return him alone, but he changed every criticism in positive way by saying “my rat like face is to sing a song for god father and mother, my skinny leg is to perform dance in front of god father and mother, my lathery wings is to fan your god father and mother. Bad couldn’t send back with all the means and strategies of god, finally promised to send one of his children. Gunglha lhapsang Gelpo has four daughter and four sons. He told to send one the daughter to god mother and she said to god to send one of his son. God father and mother had a very hot discussion over it. And they decided to roll a die, and god father lose the game and had to send his son along with bat to bless Chalipas (Residents of Chali). Here at Chali goat was received by Sherub along with the villagers. Since then Sherub was known as Bonpo pa Sherub, since it was a Bon Lha (God of Bon religion).And his descendent has to perform Bonpo Wanboo (Shaman). And Bonpodpa Sherub became host along with another rich household. And currently there is four household descendent holding as host during Kharphu. But, with passing time and generation Bonpodpa Sherub’s descendent couldn’t shoulder the responsibilities of Wanbu and is appointed one of the interested and capable people from their village. There is no as such rule to appoint Wanbu. There is unique lyric and tune from journey of god’s son of including all the places where till Chali, different household visiting household lyrics and blessing, farewell lyric and unique tones.
Bhutan -
Foods of Lhop Communities
Just like any other communities, the livelihood of Lhops also started with hunting and gathering activities. In the past, Lhops gathered wild edible plants like Burr (Kochu or Colocasia) or Lohbol (Tapoica), and hunted as well as fished. With the recent developments in the community, Lhops have adopted agriculture as their source of food and nutrition, and with the passage of time, agriculture has become a way of life for subsistence and commercial means.
Bhutan -
Tuồng Opera in the Quảng region
Appeared around the 17th and 18th centuries and went through many stages of development, with periods of prosperity and also decline period. The script includes 4 types: Ancient Tuồng, Royal Tuồng, Folk Tuồng and Comedy Tuồng. The script structure is divided into many acts (normally 3 or 4 acts), and each act has many layers. The topics and ideological of Tuồng Opera are mainly about heroic heroism, human behavior between the common and the private, and between family and Fatherland. Characters include Peach, double, old man, flatterer, general, and goblin; divided into two factions: villains and righteous. Music in Tuồng is a combination of singing and orchestral music. Singing music has basic singing rhythms: talking, male singing, guest singing, rhythmless melodies, and rhythmic melodies. The orchestra includes drums, trumpets, two-stringed harps, and other musical instruments. Tuồng dancing has 10 basic dance movements: oval, corner, wrap, face up, roll; bridge, sign, swing, carry, jump; Dance less, move gently and gracefully. The art of makeup in Tuồng has 3 main colors (white, black, and red) and the "shaping" technique to express the character's image. Rich costumes, suitable for each character. Tuồng stage is conventional and symbolic. Every year, on August 11 - 12, Tuồng troupes organize the death anniversary ceremony, the first day is a vegetarian ceremony, and the next day is a salty ceremony. Craft ancestors are always revered and have many taboos. Previously, Đà Nẵng people also had the custom of Tuồng Fortune Telling. When watching a Tuồng performance, they speculate about their luck and bad luck for the year in any scene. Tuồng Fortune-telling at the beginning of the year is a unique feature of Quảng.
Viet Nam -
Trịnh Xuyên Communal House Festival
Trịnh Xuyên communal house festival is held from the 9th to the 12th of the second lunar month every year, to commemorate the merits of General Vũ Đức Phong - the man who participated in the battle against Chiêm Thành during the Trần dynasty. Since last year, the village has sent a family to grow sticky rice on the village's public fields and raise a pig. Pigs are raised in cages and eat clean food. On the day of the festival, the village will use steamed sticky rice to pound round sticky cakes and slaughter pigs to pound sausages as offerings to the Saint. The opening ceremony is the Ngọc Lộ procession. The dragon lion dance team, flag teams, drum teams, incense plans, flag carrying teams, Bát Bửu teams, twin horses, float carrying teams with parasols and canopies, and representatives of the people and government make up the procession. For the ritual, Ngọc Lộ was led in a procession from the temple to the common house in Trịnh Xuyên. It is usual to walk through the palanquin in the hopes that the Saint may grant good health and fortune to the sick, old, and children. The offerings to the Saints include two parts: a vegetarian offering and a salt offering. The fasting ceremony includes fruits, cakes, and oats, which are offered by representatives of the hamlets wearing heads. The salty ceremony includes pork, sticky rice, rice cakes, wine, gold coins, incense, and betel and areca nuts. The custom of raising "Mr. Pig" in a cage, drinking clean water, and eating clean food. On the day of the festival, the villagers slaughter the pig, pound the meat and offer it to the Saint; Planting sticky rice in village fields to get sticky rice for sticky rice and pounding sticky rice cakes to worship the Saints. Many folk games are organized within the framework of the Festival such as: going on a bridge, human chess, blindfolded hitting pots, etc, and especially clay cannon competitions. Teams compete in 4 rooms, each 45 minutes.
Viet Nam
ICH Materials 17
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Sample Data Ⅱ : Nagaland, Orissa Cultural Atlas of India - Development of a web-based statewide database on the cultural resources of India
The early history of the Nagas is shrouded in obscurity and many theories abound of their origin and migration. How and when they came to settle in the north‐eastern region of India is an unsettled question. \nSeveral traditions exist within the multi‐ethnic Naga communities on their origins. \nAccording to the oral traditions passed down through songs, folklore and word of mouth the Ao emerged from six stones at Long‐terok, which exists to this day near Chungliyimti, the first legendry settlement of the Ao. ‘Long’ meaning stone and ‘Terok’ six, refers to the six stones from which emerged three pairs of male and female progenitors whom the Ao claim to be their ancestors. The Ao is distinguished with two phratries –Chongli and Mongsen. The Chongli claim that the three males and females who emerged at Longtrok were Tongpok and his sister Lendina, Longpok with his sister Yongmenala and Longjakrep with his sister Elongshe. They were the first human beings who emerged at Longtrok. \nEach male member along with his sister formed the three phratries of the Chongli. \nTongpok founded the Imsong‐Pongen clan, Longpok the Longkumer clan and Longjakrep with his sister founded the Jamir clan respectively. The three siblings intermarried and through these marriages, the Ao clans came into existence and a well‐ knitted clan exogamy marriage evolved that is followed to this day.
India 2009 -
2016 Sub-Regional Meeting for ICH Safeguarding in Northeast Asia
The 2016 Sub-Regional Meeting for Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding in Northeast Asia: The Role of the Media in Raising Awareness about Intangible Cultural Heritage, jointly organized by ICHCAP and the UNESCO Beijing Office and hosted by the Mongolian National Commission for UNESCO, was held on 10 and 11 October 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.\n\nThis report is composed of country reports and case studies discussed at the meeting and generated participation from five Northeast Asian Member States—namely DPRK, Japan, Mongolia, China, and ROK—and international experts from the Asia Broadcasting Union. In addition, a recommended action document was prepared by the country representatives and experts.
South Korea 2016
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Preserving Uncultivated Food Resources for Food Security in Bangladesh"BeezBistar Foundation (BBF), a community action-based non-governmental organization, was formed in 2009 by development workers and researchers. “BeezBistar” means prosperity in life and peaceful and joyful relations between human beings and all other life-forms. BBF works with local communities, especially farmers, weavers, fishers, adivashi, dalit, and other marginalized and socially vulnerable people for a prosperous and healthy life. Its guiding ethical principles are non-discrimination on the grounds of caste, race, class, and gender. BBF believes in people’s capacity to transform their existing situation of poverty and become pros- perous through a mediated process of interdependent, collective, and community support and actions. The notion of BEEZ is grounded in the local and indigenous culture of the peoples of Bangladesh, as well as advanced by science and life-affirming knowledge and technologies."Year2020NationBangladesh
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Safeguarding ICH at Viharas in Nepal during the Month of GunlaNepal boasts an abundance of temples, monasteries (or viharas), and other socio-cultural places where various ICH practices are performed. Here, various forms of religious and non-religious activities take place on a daily basis; but during special festivals and occasions, they are transformed into workshops of ICH practice. This article will touch upon the annual activities at the Buddhist viharas of Kathmandu Valley during the holy month of Gunla (August–September).Year2022NationNepal