Beduan is the oldest performing arts in the state of Perlis, that appeared about 250 years ago during the Siamese reign. This music was introduced by two families that hid at the top of Tuk Wang Gunung Hill to avoid the evil and brutal Siamese soldiers. At the hill top the families felt lonely thus they hit wooden sticks as drums while singing by hailing. After the war ended the two families returned to their village and introduced the arts to the villagers. They named the music Beduan that originated from the word “berdua-duaan” which means “in twos”. Beduan is very popular during wedding feasts and normally performed on stage built adjoined to the newly-wed’s main residence. The shrieks hailing of the song acts as a direction to guests to the newly-wed’s house. Guests and audiences stand up in front of the house to watch the performance. Beduan members are 10 to 12 persons. They beat drums while singing and hailing. The drum is big with about 140 cm circumference, made of cow hide and jackfruit tree. There are three types of drums used and they are the ‘Gendang Pengibu’ (‘Mother Drum’), ‘Gendang Peningkah’ (‘Rebutting Drum’) and the ‘Gendang Penganak’ (‘Child Drum’). In the Beduan song the drum beater exchanges quatrains with other members. However, only the Beduan members understand the quatrains as they use a dialect understood among themselves only. Among the quatrains is: A chick is inside a betel leaf container, Uncover it and the chick feeds on paddy, Day and night I do remember, Affection is engulfed in my heart.

Traditional food of Tajiks prepared from bread fatir with butter in the wooden plate. Some people use with that mellon or sour cream.

It is a woodblock print with brushstrokes, colored boards on dó paper, created by the community, with the content to reflect the agricultural society and farmers in Vietnam. There are 7 main themes (worship paintings, blessings, history, stories, proverbs, scenes and activities). The production process has 2 main stages: Creating patterns/carving boards and Printing/painting. Composing is a decisive stage, requiring many innate talents and high labor skills in artisans. Engraving board has 2 types, printed board and color printed board. Materials and tools for painting paintings include: do paper, assorted colors, color printing boards, printed boards, paperboards and squeakers (brushes made of pine needles). How to print pictures goes through many stages with different techniques. The art of Dong Ho paintings is symbolic, unique in the use of lines and colors. The content of the paintings reflects the social life from the point of view of folk aesthetics. There are currently only a few families in Dong Ho making prints.

Craft of making felt carpet with wool of ships and sometimes wool of goats. Felt makers decorate the felt carpets with traditional ornaments and different co-lors.

Myanmar women adore Thanakha for its sweet fragrance. The botanical name of Thanakha is Hesperethusa Crenulata (ROXB.) ROEM. Thanakha plant or branch is cut into small sizes about 6 or 4 inches. If we grind Thanakha bark with a little water on a circular stone slab called "Kyauk Pyin", we will get a milky yellow liquid or Thanakha paste. Myanmar women usually apply Thanakha paste on their faces and hands and some prefer wearing the whole body.The practice of Thanakha culture has existed in Myanmar society since yore. Thanakha is still preserved as Myanma cultural tradition till today. Thanakha and "Kyauk Pyin" are inseparable. "Kyauk Pyin" is the circular shape of sand stone slab and its surface is elevated in the middle and there is a channel around the rim for the paste to drain into. Kyauk Pyin and Thanakha are essential for the practice of Thanakha culutre in Myanmar society. People use Thanakha for beauty but also for medicinal purpose. Sweet fragrant Thanakha paste is used for cleansing the face of Buddha Image. As Myanmar saying goes:"Mee Phone Hlu Pwe, Tabodwe", the scented bonfire festival is also held by burning Thanakha woods to offer warmth to the Lord Buddha in Myanmar month Tabodwe which falls in February. Because of extreme cold weather in Tabodwe, the scented bonfire or "Mee Phone Pwe" is held in the pagoda precinct with great devotion. In some areas, Thanakha-based cultural festival, "Thanakha Par Toe Pwe" is also held with great traditions. Ethnic women from the hills and the plains across Myanmar cherish and value Thanakha. Both men and women alike have been using Thanakha paste because of its cool sensation and positive effects. In addition that some put extra patch on their cheeks to protect from burning heat of the sun. The farmers and farm girls could get sweaty for working long hours in the field but they always feel fresh because of soothing effect of Thanakha fragrance. That is why Thanakha is the favourite of farmers and workers."Kyauk Pyin" and Thanakha wood can be found in every Myanmar household. Parents wear Thanakha to their offsprings. Likewise, uncles, aunts, elder brothers and sisters used to wear Thanakha to their young nieces, nephews as well as younger brothers and sisters. The farm girls and construction workers used to wear Thanakha paste very thickly for beauty but also for preventing the sunburn.The Thanakha growers and producers are also vital role in this element. Since ancient times, Thanakha culture has been preserving and practicing in Myanmar society. In Mynmar families, the tradition of wearing Thanakha is handed down from generation to generation. The parents, elder brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts never fail to put on Thanakha to young daughters and sons, nieces and nephews. While smearing Thanakha paste on the face, the mother also feeds fragrant residue to her baby. Thanakha plays a crucial role in the daily life of Myanmar people. In Myanmar family, the mother showers her infant baby and introduces Thanakha while praying the Lord to protect her baby from harms and dangers. The mother smears the wet paste of Thanakha on the kid’s forehead and later on both cheeks. The mother also feeds Thanakha paste to her baby which can protect chicken pox and measles. Because of the cool and pleasant Thanakha fragrance and the mother’s endless love, the baby feels great warmth and comfort. While applying Thanakha, the elders teach young children about the importance of good manners, ethics and moral values. Psychologically, Thanakha has positive effects for good concentration enhancing the power of wisdom and memory. Among seasonal festivals, the scented bonfire festival is held where fragrant Thanakha and sandal woods are burnt to provide warmth to the Lord Buddha with great devotion. Such kind of Thanakha-based festival has been holding on the Full Moon Day of Myanmar month Tapodwe which falls in February. Moreover, Thanakha is also used for the washing rituals performed at Mandalay Mahamuni Buddha Temple and such offering of Thanakha paste is renowned as the cultural values of Myanmar society. For fun and friendship, young people do whisking Thanakha paste on the cheeks of young visitors with great traditions in Yaw area.Thanakha is also used for Myanmar traditional medicine. Thanakha is common across Myanmar including the hills and the plains so also the rural and urban areas.Thanakha had long been used as atrditional cosmetic by Myanmar people and recently found ways to foreign market. Thanakha is the part and parcel of Myanmar culture. The paste of Thanakha is beloved to a diverse array of ethnicities and religion. Thanakha is worn by people of all ages, men and women alike, whether rich or poor. The practice of Myanmar Thanakha culture is for skin care, for beauty, to protect the sunburn so also as the traditional medicine. Thanakha is used at traditional festivals, social rituals and religious ceremonies. Although Thanakha wearing is common among people of all ages, women use for beauty and men use for skin care.     

Kapingamarangi is one of two Polynesian Islands with Nukuoro Atoll in Micronesia. March 15 is the Kapingamarangi Taro Cerebration Day, which commemorates communal efforts to expand taro patches on the island. This project, which began around 1944 during WWII, was very hard work during the hardship in wartime, only relying on manpower with simple tools such as shovels made from a drum. Their success was begun to be cerebrated from 1947. Two kinds of food, sea eels and giant swamp taro, are the main dishes in the communal feast. The eels were caught in traps and were roasted on fire fueled by firewood of hard mangrove wood for several hours.

The Kokant people play ဂျင်ပေါက် ကစားခြင်း (playing Kokant traditional top) from the first to the 15th day of the new year. Kokant traditional top is made from hardwoods such as Tamalan wood, Yamanay wood.

These photos were taken at my Somok Class. Somok means Wood Furniture Making and Somokjang, the person who makes wood furniture in traditional way is registered on the National Intangible Cultural Heritage No.55 of Republic of Korea. In National Intangible Heritage Center, there was a class for the general people practicing ICH. I took a Somok class and made Seoan(a desk) and Sabangtakja(a furniture sort of storage and decorations). I am using my works at my house very well. By using traditional way, Somokjang trims, cuts, carves and puts together without nails in making furniture.