The Melanau ethnic is one of the biggest in Sarawak living in the Mukah area. Some are Muslims and some Christians. Those that still practice animism worship the Ipok ‘spirit’, the manifestation of the strength and power of nature. Ipok consists of Ipok Laut (Sea Ipok), Ipok Balau (Jungle Ipok), Ipok Sarauang (Sky Ipok) and Ipok Iyang (Soil Ipok). On the first night the faith healer is alone in his house after being told that someone has fallen ill. The faith healer bargains with the ‘spirit’ including obtaining the spirit’s requests for the Bebayoh ritual. The second day involves the sick and the faith healer at the faith healer’s house or at the sick person’s premises depending on the spirit’s request. On the night itself the faith healer informs the sick person’s family about the spirit’s requests. The preparation begins in the evening of the following day. The Seladai Dance is then performed. The substances for the Bebayoh ritual are young leaves such as the betel nut leaves, jasmine flower, incense, a drum, candle, and glass fragments on a white cloth. Incense is burnt to start the ritual with mantras recited by the faith healer in the language of the faith healer’s spirit and that of the Ipok, at the same time hitting the drum used to detect the sick person’s illness. The candle is lighted inside the drum and then placed on the faith healer’s face. Other musicians play the rest of the musical instruments such as drum, kulintangan and gongs. After detecting the illness, the faith healer swallows the candle. The betel nut leaves are then swayed on the sick person’s body. The Ipok’s spirit enters the sick person’s body to cure him. Then the sick person steps on the glass fragments. The Seladai dance is then performed by seven unmarried couples with the faith healer circling the dancers with the isem pesai (a kind of young leaves). The sick person has to undergo abcentism like he is forbidden to consume stingray and shark, as well as beans and eggs. On final evening (the seventh day) is the end of the treatment. The sick person has to prepare the ‘payment’ to the faith healer that includes gold, a small spear (made of bone – as the spirit’s food), and a live chicken.

Cut a piece of Yamanay wood into desired length and carve the wood into the shape of Ozi. Then, the head is covered with leather and the body is lacquered. Due to its huge size, this Ozi is shouldered by two men to play. It is played by hitting with a stick wrapped with cloth. This traditional Ozi is usually played with by five brass gongs and brass cymbals. He’-yar Ywarma Village has a lifespan of 504 years. In this village, He’-yar festival is annually held in Dazaunmon (November). The traditional Ozi Kyi is played in this occasion and in Phaungtaw U Pagoda festival.\n-4 feet 5 inches in length\n-2 feet 1 inch in diameter of the head\n-6 feet 8 inches in circumference of the head\n-1 feet 6 inches in length of chicken breast\n-2 feet 9 inches in length of Padain\n-3 feet in circumference of Padain\n-6 feet 8 inches in circumference of lower part\n-6 feet 8 inches in circumference of the bottom

Held annually on the 14th of July at the home of the patriarchs. When someone in the family has died for 3-4 years, the eldest son will build an altar and a tablet. The altar is close to the nave wall, opposite the main door, there are wooden figures, which are plugged or installed in the wall above the altar to represent the ancestors' souls. The offerings must include: 1 cow, 1 pig, 1 chicken, sticky rice, wine, gold coins, oil lamps, and bronze drums.\nThey invite priests and borrow bronze drums to perform the ceremony and ask people to dress up as forest people (Ma Co-Gà Lu Ngang) to dance the ritual. The worshiping ceremony has 3 main parts: Sacrifice Ceremony, Memorial Ceremony and Ancestor Farewell Ceremony.

Held annually on the 14th of July at the home of the patriarchs. When someone in the family has died for 3-4 years, the eldest son will build an altar and a tablet. The altar is close to the nave wall, opposite the main door, there are wooden figures, which are plugged or installed in the wall above the altar to represent the ancestors' souls. The offerings must include: 1 cow, 1 pig, 1 chicken, sticky rice, wine, gold coins, oil lamps, and bronze drums.\nThey invite priests and borrow bronze drums to perform the ceremony and ask people to dress up as forest people (Ma Co-Gà Lu Ngang) to dance the ritual. The worshiping ceremony has 3 main parts: Sacrifice Ceremony, Memorial Ceremony and Ancestor Farewell Ceremony.

Held annually on the 14th of July at the home of the patriarchs. When someone in the family has died for 3-4 years, the eldest son will build an altar and a tablet. The altar is close to the nave wall, opposite the main door, there are wooden figures, which are plugged or installed in the wall above the altar to represent the ancestors' souls. The offerings must include: 1 cow, 1 pig, 1 chicken, sticky rice, wine, gold coins, oil lamps, and bronze drums.\nThey invite priests and borrow bronze drums to perform the ceremony and ask people to dress up as forest people (Ma Co-Gà Lu Ngang) to dance the ritual. The worshiping ceremony has 3 main parts: Sacrifice Ceremony, Memorial Ceremony and Ancestor Farewell Ceremony.

A hukup (cooked rice basket) is used as container for the food offerings sacrificed during the huowah, and the dried pig intestine called binodbod . The intestine came from the pig that was sacrificed during the dupag ritual (harvest ritual), hanged to dry and saved until the punnuk . The chicken and intestine are cooked together and are eaten before people go to the river for the tugging ritual. The pig’s intestine symbolizes the a-e vine used to strengthen the kina-ag.

Hard wood is curved in a shape of pitcher and made hollow. The leather is stretched over the head of Ozi. Unlike Myanmar traditional pot-drums and Jeinpaw traditional pot-drums, it has a long throat. The shaped of chicken breast or Kyat Yin is lacquered with black resin. The throat of Padinewin is painted in the strips of red and black colours. It has to be played by striking its drumhead.\n-4 feet 6 inches in height\n-11 inches in diameter of drumhead\n-1 feet 5 inches in the circumference of drumhead\n-1 feet 2 inches in the circumference of Padain\n-3 feet 2 inches in length of throat\n-1.5 inches in height of base part\n-3 feet 2 inches in circumference of base part

Yamanay wood is curved in a shape of pitcher and made hollow. The middle part of Ozi or pot-drum, which is called Kyat-Yin or Chicken Breast, is painted in red colour. The end part, which is called Padain, is painted in white and curved into protuberant coils. This pot-drum is short in height. It is played only by women, by striking its leather-covered head.\n-3 feet in height\n-3 feet in circumference of Kyat-Yin\n-1 feet 4 inches in height of Kyat-Yin\n-1 feet 8 inches in length of throat

Yamanay wood is curved in a shape of pitcher and made hollow. The middle part of Ozi or pot-drum, which is called Kyat-Yin or Chicken Breast, is painted in red colour. The end part, which is called Padain, is painted in white and curved into protuberant coils. This pot-drum is long in height. A piece of dough made of glutin rice has to be stuck in the middle of its head in order to tune it. It must be played by striking to its drumhead.\n-6 feet in height\n-2 feet in circumference of Kyat-Yin\n-2 feet in height of Kyat-Yin\n-4 feet in length of throat

Yamanay wood is curved in a shape of pitcher and made hollow. The middle part of Oozi or pot-drum, which is called Kyat-Yin or Chicken Breast, is painted in red colour. The end part, which is called Padain, is painted in white and curved into protuberant coils. This pot-drum is long in height. A piece of dough made of glutin rice has to be stuck in the middle of its head in order to tune it. It has to be played by striking its drumhead.\n-11 inches in length\n-5 inches in diameter of breadth\n-6 inches in breadth of brim

A balyan, a Subanen shaman, performs the daga ritual, anointing participants on the palms with a mixture that includes chicken blood, while chanting a prayer. This ritual binds community members in a spirit of unity, asks for blessings and is part of many Subanen ceremonies including the Buklog, the most elaborate system of rituals of thanksgiving of the Subanen people of Zamboanga Peninsula in southern Philippines.

In 1942 (Myanmar Era -1305), a musician from Hsipaw founded the Shan traditional musical troupe in Namhkaik village. He taught singing, dancing and playing musical instruments during the 3 months of Buddhist Lent. One of his descendents is Shew Cherry Theatrical Performance Troupe which is renown today. This troupe gives performance in charity events and monk funeral ceremonies.\nThe player must strike the brass cymbal and hollowed logs with a stick.\n-6 feet in height\n-2 feet in circumference of Kyat Yin or Chicken Breast\n-2 feet in height of Kyat Yin or Chicken Breast \n-4 feet in length of throat