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According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003138

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003136

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003134

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003132

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003130

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003128

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003123

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003141

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003139

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003137

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003135

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003133

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003131

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003129

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003124

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003125

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

PI00003126

According to historical data, production of paper in Samarkand started since Chinese prisoners betrayed the secret of paper making in order to save their lives, namely from the second half of the eighth century. In the ninth century it became a separate branch of city craftsmanship.nFrom the eighth until the nineteenth centuries, for more than thousand years Samarkand paper was famous in Middle Asia and Near East and in many cities of Europe. Samarkand craftsmen, who had rised their work to the artistic level in the past, have created the thinnest, smoothest and most ink resistant paper types in the world.

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#bhutan #유네스코아태무형유산센터 #bhutanculture The term Si has dual connotation of referring to the Calligraphy pen as well as to the specific bamboo from which pen is crafted. According to Lopen (master) Wangdi Gyeltshen, a renown calligrapher of Central Monastic Body said that, there is also another reed locally called Tshi-nag (a reed with dark colour at its internode) which is available from Wangdi-tse monastery area in Thimphu. Actually, there is no specific origin of the Si as it came to exist simultaneously with the writing culture in Bhutan. Colloquially, all pens used for writing purposes are called as Myu-gu, which the name derived from its raw material Myug-ma (bamboo or reed). That is why any pen used for writing available in the market today, irrespective of what it is made of are commonly called Myu-gu (literally means reed pen). As there are different types of My-gu, thus, apart from the aforementioned Si, the pens are made from a wild fern called Kyer-ma is called Kyer-myug, and the ones made of quill is dro-myug, the nib made from metal is chag-myug. Similarly, sol-myug made from dead amber or charcoal, a talc stone is cut like a pencil for use -do-myug, the chalk comes in packets and used for educational purposes in schools is sa-myug. There are also pir-myug (brush pen) and lastly, the zha-myug, the lead pencil. Regarding the raw material; in Bhutan, Si is traditionally found at Chagdana in Toepai Gewog (Block) in Punakha, and near the Nag-tshang (Manor) at Drametse. It is also found in Kheng region of Zhemgang and at the Yarphel village of Trashi Yangtse district. Si is highly valued as being blessed by superior beings like Lord Manju Shri, Guru Rinpoche, the five classes of dakinis and the Dharma Lord Drukpa Kunleg (4155-1529). Si grows as big as normal bamboo, with short culm or internode, narrow lacuna and thick culm wall. They grow in heights of more than five arm-span. Both the plant and its leaves are generally yellowish. In ancient times, a writing pen was mainly a painting brush in China and in India it was made from the quill (moulted flight feather) of a peacock or other large bird. It is explained that the pen used traditionally in Tibet and Bhutan was made from the plant species called Si, which has thick nodes and grows mainly at lower altitudes. It is obvious that, if writing tradition is gradually disappearing, both the art of making Si as well as its usage is an inevitable element to be gone together. Due to the booming computing technologies and automatic printing machines, the writing along with Si related practices are being gradually driven out of its existence however, realizing its importance and for its revival, His Majesty’s Golden Scriptures Project and other similar projects being initiated by some individual Spiritual masters had help in revitalization of such tradition as well as involving calligrapher to carry on the writing and Si making culture amidst the emerging sophisticated technologies. For more information https://www.ichlinks.com/archive/elements/elementsV.do?elementsUid=13874510108445676802