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Manage No, Sortation, Country, Writer ,Date, Copyright Manage No EE00001969 Country Vietnam ICH Domain Performing Arts Address Hát bội is popular across Vietnam regions (the north, the central and the south) with the common name "tuồng". Almost every region has a government-funded theatre for Hat boi together with private and seasonal troupes. However, Hát bội appears mostly in the Central and the Southern regions. Sân khấu hát bội phổ biến ở khắp 3 miền Việt Nam, với tên gọi được sử dụng nhiều nhất là “tuồng”. Hầu như cả 3 miền đều có những đơn vị biểu diễn hát bội chính quy (thuộc biên chế nhà nước) và tư nhân, thời vụ. Tuy nhiên, hát bội đặc biệt tập trung với mật độ cao ở Trung bộ và Nam bộ.

Description | Hát bội (or can go with the name “tuồng”) is a traditional performance art form in Vietnam, it has a rich historical foundation. The oldest manuscript about Hát bội can be found back in the 18th century. However, Hát bội is believed to appear earlier than that and has become a dominating theatre practice, especially in the Inner Lands/Đàng Trong (a part of South Central area and Southern Vietnam). Just like any traditional art form, the stage of Hát bội also consists of aesthetic values of the Viet people, reflecting the life, stories, and aspirations of the common Viet people. Hát bội has charmed the audience not only for its humane storyline, but also for the sophisticated visual of face-painting, costuming, choreography, staging, and symbolic gestures. In recent times, Hát bội has slowly lost its place in public perception and became more of a spiritual performance to serve communal temples instead. |
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Social and cultural significance | First, until recently, hát bội still has an essential function with the traditional Vietnamese communal activities such as temples, shrines, pagodas and etc. The art of hát bội partakes in preserving the traditional values, the habits, rituals, and lifestyles of past ancestors, enriching the cultural foundation of the Vietnamese. In contemporary life, hát bội has integrated into modern festivities, proving the spiritual values that it can offer to contemporary public life. Secondly, as a traditional art form, hát bội is a material that facilitates succeeding performance genre to inherit its core seeds, The art of cải lương in Southern Vietnam is one of those cases. Many theatres in HCM city have studied and implemented the traditional techniques of hát bội to compose new stories that are impactful and sophisticated in form. Thirdly, with its nostalgic nature, hát bội can adapt with staging themes in history, supporting the mission of educating younger generations' characters such as students. Thứ nhất, cho đến hiện nay, hát bội vẫn có đời sống gắn chặt với các thiết chế văn hóa cộng đồng truyền thống của người Việt như đình, chùa, miễu,… Nghệ thuật hát bội tham dự vào việc lưu giữ những giá trị truyền thống, những nề nếp văn hóa, phong tục, lối sống của người xưa, góp phần gìn giữ sự giàu có về vốn văn hóa cho dân tộc Việt. Trong đời sống hiện nay, hát bội đã được đưa vào những lễ hội hiện đại, lan tỏa đến cộng đồng, phần nào cho thấy giá trị tinh thần, tâm linh mà nó mang lại cho cuộc sống đại chúng đương thời. Thứ hai, với tư cách là loại hình nghệ thuật truyền thống, hát bội là chất liệu để nhiều hình thức diễn xướng và biểu diễn ra đời sau nó kế thừa những phẩm chất thẩm mỹ, những hạt nhân tinh thần. Nghệ thuật cải lương ở miền Nam Việt Nam là một minh chứng. Nhiều sân khấu kịch ở TP.HCM đã học tập và vận dụng các thủ pháp nghệ thuật truyền thống của hát bội để sáng tạo những tác phẩm sân khấu có tiếng vang và chỉn chu về hình thức nghệ thuật. Thứ ba, với đặc thù hoài cổ, hát bội còn thích nghi tốt với việc sân khấu hóa đề tài lịch sử, góp phần bổ trợ cho việc giáo dục nhân cách cho lớp người trẻ, nhóm học sinh, sinh viên. |
Transmission method | Currently, in the country, there is probably only Hanoi University of Theater and Cinema that has training programs for Hát bội. However, the number of students annually enrolling is not much; for example, this year (2021), the university did not recruit students for this program. The rest, are trained in the framework of Hat boi troupes where they join. For the public-funded theatre, audition actors are also trainees and will be trained by a team of senior artists. For private troupe, most of them are family members; therefore, grandparents and parents pass the profession on to their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. Hiện nay, trong cả nước có lẽ chỉ có duy nhất Trường Đại học Sân khấu - Điện ảnh Hà Nội có đào tạo chính quy tập trung chuyên ngành diễn viên tuồng, nghệ thuật biểu diễn tuồng. Tuy nhiên, số lượng sinh viên hàng năm tuyển sinh không nhiều (ví dụ như năm 2021 không tuyển chuyên ngành này). Còn lại, tất cả đều được đào tạo trong khuôn khổ các đơn vị biểu diễn. Đối với các đơn vị chính quy nhà nước, diễn viên thi tuyển vào cũng là học viên, sẽ được đào tạo, tập huấn bởi đội ngũ nghệ sĩ tiền bối của đơn vị. Đối với đơn vị tư nhân, phần lớn có tính chất gia đình, ông bà, cha mẹ, truyền nghề lại cho con cái, cháu chắt, theo lối “cầm tay chỉ việc”. |
Community | Due to the aesthetic characteristics of this type of "classic" Hát bội, people who are interested in Hát bội are quite niche. The main practitioners and preservers of Hát bội are mostly elder actors and actresses. Usually, these actors and actresses come from families that have generations working in the industry and consider Hát bội as their main income. Elder actors and actresses tend to train their children and grandchildren to join Hát bội but not all young inherants interested in this kind of performing. As a result, Hát bội audience are mostly old audiences, and part of the young audience is influenced by the taste of their grandparents and parents. Do đặc thù thẩm mỹ của loại hình này có tính “cổ điển” nên người quan tâm đến hát bội bị giới hạn khá nhiều. Hiện nay, nếu nói chủ thể thực hành và gìn giữ loại hình này thường là lớp nghệ sĩ đã có tuổi. Đó là những người đã sinh ra và lớn lên trong gia đình làm nghề hát, gắn bó với nghề hát, xem nghề hát là một phương thức kiếm sống. Họ đào tạo chính con cháu trong gia đình theo nghề hát, nhưng không phải là toàn bộ. Người biết thưởng thức hát bội cũng phần lớn là khán giả có tuổi, và một phần khán giả trẻ chịu ảnh hưởng về gu thưởng thức của thế hệ ông bà, cha mẹ họ. |
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PI00004416
Characters from the play "San Hau"1 (Vietnamese Hat Boi)
Characters from the play "San Hau" (Vietnamese Hat Boi)
Vietnam 2021 -
PI00004411
Vương Doãn (played by Thanh Bình)-02_Hat Boi
Mô hình lão văn, nhã nhặn, khoan thai.(Intellectual “lão” motif that is sophisticated and gentle.)
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PI00004218
Chung Vô Diệm (played by Ngọc Giàu)-05_Hat Boi
Mô hình “đào võ” có hóa trang lên mặt, khí phách phi phàm. (Brawny “đào" motif with a proud appearance and assertive aura.)
Vietnam 2021 -
PI00004216
Chung Vô Diệm (played by Ngọc Giàu)-03_Hat Boi
Mô hình “đào võ” có hóa trang lên mặt, khí phách phi phàm. (Brawny “đào" motif with a proud appearance and assertive aura.)
Vietnam 2021
Videos
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VI00000351
Types of Vietnamese's Hát bội(Hat Boi) characters - A quick guide
“Hát bội” is a traditional performance art in Vietnam, it has a rich historical foundation, and quite an influence to the community. The stage of Hát Bội also consists of Viet aesthetic values, reflecting the life, stories, and aspirations of the Vietnamese. Hát bội characters contain a fine selection of multiple human characteristics. With those qualities - every plot, every movement, technique and performing elements are conveyed in a holistic sense. Let's learn about the details of each character type so we can fully appreciate this traditional art form. Check out ichlinks.com to learn more about Hat boi essential types of characters. Credit: Produced in ICHCAP - Cultura Fish (Hiếu Văn Ngư) partnership. Content development: Vuong Hoai Lam (Researcher), Luc Pham Quynh Nhi (Coordinator, editor), Ha Hoang Minh Trang (Translator) Contributors : - Cultura Fish team: Ha Thuc Duc Tung, Nguyen Le Thanh Thao, Nguyen Le Nhat Anh, Tran Thi Minh Thuy - Ho Chi Minh city Theatre of Hat boi: Vu Ho Hoang Vu, Ha Tri Nhon, Linh Hien, Bao Chau, Hoang Tuan, Thanh Binh, Dong Ho, Kieu My, Anh Thi, Ngoc Giau, Thanh Trang, Hoang Ha, Huu Danh, Linh Phuoc, Nguyen Tuan, Minh Khuong, Ngo van Tong, Nguyen Van Do, Ho Tuan Dung, Le Minh Tan, Tran Thanh Hung, Nguyen Tran Thanh Tuan. Production: Cao Trung Thao and Pham Anh Nguyet Photo by Giang Pham
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Vietnam 2021 -
VI00000168
THE ART OF MASKS MAKING - UP IN HAT BOI
As a UNESCO category 2 center, ICHCAP organized the youth ICH storytelling contest with the aim to support ICH safeguarding activities of young practitioners. Youth practitioners play an essential role, as ICH relies on direct transmission among community members. Their activities and involvement will hopefully contribute to raising awareness of ICH worth protecting. The story below won the Grand Prize of the 2019 Asia-Pacific Youth ICH Storytelling Contest. --------------------------------- The Hát Bội is Vietnamese intangible traditional performing art which has taken shape, developed during Vietnam history and is still preserved. The Hát Bội is form of traditonal opera which has a 500 old year long history of development in Vietnam. It contains features close to the culture in many other countries in Asia. My name is Anh Quan, I am sophomore of The Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture in Vietnam. When I started in junior high school, I had opportunity to study and enjoy The Hát Bội. These images, stage, eyes, gestures of The Hát Bội are so excited. But I strongly impress by artists’ face. This emotion is always with me in my thoughts. When I have been a student. Immediately, I go to The Ho Chi Minh city Hát Bội Theater to learn more about this art. Hát Bội relies on the principles of symbolization and stylization. These principles prodoundly influence Hát Bội typical dance/ gesture and makeup by which Hát Bội in distinguished from other traditional performing arts. Being the essences of Hát Bội, gesture and dance are perfomrmed based on several rules of symbolization and stylization with the aim of sophisticatedly expressing the feeling and emotion of characters and other implications of plays. These artists of Hát Bội have to understand very well about principles of symbolization and stylization and when they makeup and. Makeup is definitely the outward essence Hát Bội indicate the specific and personality of every character. The articial materials for making-up a disguise includes as followings: Multi-colours-lipsitcks, powder in multi-colors, the balckening-wax or the ash-like-black powder, the zinc-powder in golden-red– a mixture of the deep-red and golden powder, powder in blue, in green, and in yellow. With many special kinds of professional tools, such as: Tooth sticks, fingernail like kinife flat which look like a spoon – flat and made of wood. I observe artists makeup , I dream that i can makeup like them. I want to pursue my dream of being one of characters of Hát Bội. With the help of Thanh Bình Artist, I have fulfilled my dream. I feel virtuosity, sophistication and passion of Thanh Binh Artist when he makeup for me. The face painting in an original feature in Hát Bội as well as in some forms of opera in Southeast Asia .The make-up in Hát Bội ( chiefly for male personages , rarely for female ones) includes three main parts : painting the complexion, drawing lines on the face and pasting false beards. There is nothing called the realistic things to identify but absolutely living - symbols in the art of the Hát Bội with its speical ways of disguiting for whole characters at all. Looking at the face makeup, the audiences can understand wether a character is good or bad, loyal or disloyal, etc. Below are some basic colour used in Hát Bội makeupnRed: Loyal, unyielding personnWhite: artful flatterernGreen: intelligent person or person with venturesome spirit or short lifenYellow: gentle and virtuous personnBlack: Furious and vigorous personnThat is the dialectics of the art of theatrical masks attained by masterly (mask makers, makeup, artist). nThe above special things may be generally get a common concept for us all to comprehend some intersted – things in many kinds of the characters and characteristics in traditional culture and art of the Hát Bội. The Hát Bội has any characters. Currently, plays of Hát Bội are mainly performed at the temple (or shrine). The young generation do not strongly like the traditional art include The Hát Bội. Few young people are passionate about traditional art, this situation make the training for young people quite so difficult. For make youth generation learn more about The Hát Bội. Over the past years, The Ho Chi Minh city Hát Bội Theater has organized program called “The school stage” to introduce The Hát Bội to pupils and students. This program around the content: history of formation and development of The Hát Bội, dance, and makeup art. Besides that, performance of historical topics, excerpts about children to raise patriotism, hope students have the opportunity to learn more about The Hát Bội. I think this working is very well for young people. That thing will make me and young people will love and have positive emotion with the traditonal stage. I hope The Ho Chi Minh city Hát Bội Theater always create other program to performance for community. To get deeply understanding about Hát Bội, warmly welcome to The Ho Chi Minh city Hát Bội Theater – Vietnam. I am so happy when I have chance to get experience and share excited valid content of The Hát Bội for every body. Vietnam also has so many traditonal arts. The Hát Bội is one of them. For protecting and delivering The Hát Bội, I think the young generation have to focus on studing intangible culture of country. I aslo contribute a little working for do that. I hope other young person will do that like me. I am going to keep my passion to learn more about traditonal of Vietnam also the other coutries over the world. Vietnam - a friendly destinaton always warmly welcome all of you, we have so many stories to talk with you. When you meet me together, I am going to “play” the Hát Bội for you. Because I really become “an actor” of The Hát Bội by my heart in my dream.
00:05:00
Vietnam 2019
Article
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DI00001308
Bringing the Stories of Vietnam to the World
Globalization, the age of information, and a prime era of technology where cultures and meanings collide—it is strange how we often find ourselves disorientated with it all, the local versus the global, the familiar versus the foreign. Just so, the narrative surrounding Vietnam has quite a “foreign” presence among the international audience, and even domestically to some degree. The first images people think of when it comes to Vietnam are perhaps the war, or maybe they’d focus on the cuisine and natural scenery thanks to the effort of tourism footage in more recent years. The image is either of the country’s trauma-bound identity or a paradise land of amazing landscapes. While not entirely wrong, those narratives don’t fully reflect the complexity of a Vietnam that was, is, and will be. Telling a diverse and complex Vietnamese story in an honest and caring manner is one of the goals of Cultura Fish; it’s a direct result of our very lived experiences of interacting with our peers from across the globe and within the country.
Ha, Hoang Minh Trang (English Interpreter and Translator, Cultura Fish), Vuong, Hoai Lam (Lead of Cultural Research, Cultura Fish), Luc, Pham Quynh Nhi (Project Coordinator, Cultura Fish) 2022 -
DI00001448
[Section 3] Alternative Realities
Tuong (Hat Boi), introduced in this section, is a traditional Vietnamese classical drama that causes Vietnamese people to consider their past and present lives. Tuong, a kind of mask drama that combines music and dance, features distinctive makeup and costumes. It dramatizes Vietnamese folk tales or fables, and can also be based on scripts created with historical, political, social, and cultural settings. It portrays figures from various walks of life including kings, queens, generals, maids, ladies, and students, and aesthetically depicts lessons on human deeds, such as sacrifice for the greater cause, and heroic characters.
ICHCAP, KF ASEAN Culture House 2023