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Manage No, Sortation, Country, Writer ,Date, Copyright Manage No EE00001066 Country Uzbekistan ICH Domain Oral traditions and representations Performing Arts Address Bakhshi in its artistic and musical performance covers a special place in the spiritual life of Uzbekistan, which plays a crucial role in strengthening the unity of nations of Central Asia. The art exists and popular among the population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Khorazm region (northern region), in Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions (southern region), in Samarkand, Navoi and Jizzakh regions (central region) of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Kurgan, Bulungur, Narpai (Samarkand), Nurota (Navoi), Shakhrisyabz, Chiroqchi, Kamay, Dekhqonobod, Guzar (Kashkadarya), Boysun, Sherobod, Denau, Qumqurgon, Shurchi (Surchi), Biruni, Chimbay, Tortkol (Republic of Karakalpakstan) are the centers of preservation of epic traditions of Bakhshi art.Year of Designation 2011
| Description | Bakhshi is an epic creator. The Bakhshi art is one of the specific genres of folk performing art. Bakhshi is a master and improvisator of words and stories, a skillful musician (skillfully plays on certain musical instrument) and singer (possesses the skills of traditional singing), who can accompany his performance with mimicry and plastique. He should be familiar with the life of his nation, with its culture and history. Moreover, he should have a rich vocabulary and masterly use popular language, be able to play with words, use their diverse forms. And all these features are connected with the art of bakhshi (bakhshichilik), which has centuries long history. The repertoire of Uzbek storytellers and narrators includes heroic, historical and romantic dostons, which incorporated ancient cultural traditions, memory of the nation, its spiritual world and historical destiny, its civic, moral and aesthetic ideals. In dostons it is possible to find the ideas of patriotism and humanism, commitment and love, friendship and brotherhood. At the same time, freedom of fantasy, which is observed among bakhshis, makes possible artistic realization of folk ideals. It should be noted that doston is not about verbal performance only. It is also the work of art which is prosaic, poetic and musical. Indeed, bakhshi does not read doston but sings it. The singing is accompanied by playing on dombra or by instrumental ensemble. The whole artistic composition, all figurative means and expressions of doston are aimed at improving the perception of listeners. |
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| Social and cultural significance | The art of Bakhshi is immersed in Uzbek lifestyle. Rituals and traditions, family wedding ceremonies and public holidays conducted in Uzbekistan are certainly accompanied by Bakhshis. The communities believe that the art, which we can still hear today in various holidays, family and festive events and ets. give people a strong sense of patriotism, contributing to the shaping of national identities. At the same time, the element serves to unite people of different nationalities and ethnic groups in society and form a warm relationship between them. Furthermore, the epics performed by Bakhshis serve to develop such feelings as love for the motherland, love between people, respect for parents, loyalty and commitment, especially among younger generation. And this creates the ground for friendship, solidarity and harmony between population of Uzbekistan. |
| Transmission method | The knowledge and skills associated with the art of Bakhshi is transmitted in various ways. Traditional way of transmission is nonformal, that is, teaching the apprentice directly by the master through memorization and exercises. Thanks to the tradition of master and apprentice, this type of art has preserved its viability. Bakhshis have an incredibly strong memory, they can remember for hours long people's dostons(epos). Moreover, they have extraordinary spontaneous story-telling skills. Many skilled masters also mentor young talented word masters. Such Bakhshis taught altruistically their apprentice for two to three years, in some places for five to six years. When the time came, the master organized a special test for the apprentice: apprentice was supposed to finalize and sing a whole epic in front of the selected audience. If he is able to perform according to the requirements of the master, then the apprentice received the title of bahshi and was able to conduct independent activities. Knowledge and skills of this type of art are being currently taught to young people even in the formal way. Bakhshi art is included in the modern education system and Bakhshi classes are created in music and art schools. It also should be mentioned that Bakhshi performances are recorded on the mp3 and video formats and broadcasted on television and radio. Numerous dostons are being compiled and published as books for young readers. The books are also used as a source by bakhshis for teaching their apprentices. |
| Community | Bearers and practitioners of the element are bakhshi storytellers and poets, musicians who inherit and transmit tradition, perform traditional doston, improvise and create their individual pieces. From ancient times bearers have been mainly men. At the end of XIXth and In the beginning of XXth century, the group of female bakhshi has emerged and called “halfa-dostonchi” in Khorezm, “bakhsh’s” in Karakalpakstan, “termachi” in Surkhandarya. In Samarkand, Kashkadarya and Surkhondarya regions female Bakhshis were very famous and they performed only in women gatherings. The art of bakhshi is an individual creativity, widespread in certain regions of Uzbekistan. At present there are several schools of bakhshi with bright representatives of the art in the Republic. They are Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, and Khoresm-Karakalpak schools of bakhshi. Now the carriers of these schools are Shoberdi Boltaev, Abdunazar Poyonov, bola Bakhshi Umirov, Hushbek Mardonakulov, Shodmon Hujamberdiev (Surkhandarya) Shomurod Togaev, Abdukahhar Rakhimov (Kashkadarya) Ziyadulla Islam (Samarkand), Abdullah Kurbannazar, Qalandar Bakhshi Normatov, Etmishbay Abdullayev (Khorazm), Gairat Utemuratov, Tengelbay Kalliev, Bakbergen Sirimbetov (Republic of Karakalpakistan) and others Moreover researchers, scholars, historians, philologists, musicologists and academics significantly contribute to the transmission of the element by conducting research on bakhshi and through publications and scientific meetings. Particularly, teachers play a key role in transmission of the element from primary school through curriculum and promotion among young generation. |
| Type of UNESCO List | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Incribed year in UNESCO List | 2021 |
Keyword
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Republican Scientific-Methodical Center for Organization of Culture Institutions Activity
http://www.folklore.uzMaterials related to
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PI00003272
Bakhshi (narrator) art
Bakhshi is an epic creator. The Bakhshi art is one of the specific genres of folk performing art. Bakhshi is a master and improvisator of words and stories, a skillful musician (skillfully plays on certain musical instrument) and singer (possesses the skills of traditional singing), who can accompany his performance with mimicry and plastique. He should be familiar with the life of his nation, with its culture and history. Moreover, he should have a rich vocabulary and masterly use popular language, be able to play with words, use their diverse forms. And all these features are connected with the art of bakhshi (bakhshichilik), which has centuries long history. The repertoire of Uzbek storytellers and narrators includes heroic, historical and romantic dostons, which incorporated ancient cultural traditions, memory of the nation, its spiritual world and historical destiny, its civic, moral and aesthetic ideals. In dostons it is possible to find the ideas of patriotism and humanism, commitment and love, friendship and brotherhood. At the same time, freedom of fantasy, which is observed among bakhshis, makes possible artistic realization of folk ideals. It should be noted that doston is not about verbal performance only. It is also the work of art which is prosaic, poetic and musical. Indeed, bakhshi does not read doston but sings it. The singing is accompanied by playing on dombra or by instrumental ensemble. The whole artistic composition, all figurative means and expressions of doston are aimed at improving the perception of listeners.
Uzbekistan -
PI00003270
Bakhshi (narrator) art
Bakhshi is an epic creator. The Bakhshi art is one of the specific genres of folk performing art. Bakhshi is a master and improvisator of words and stories, a skillful musician (skillfully plays on certain musical instrument) and singer (possesses the skills of traditional singing), who can accompany his performance with mimicry and plastique. He should be familiar with the life of his nation, with its culture and history. Moreover, he should have a rich vocabulary and masterly use popular language, be able to play with words, use their diverse forms. And all these features are connected with the art of bakhshi (bakhshichilik), which has centuries long history. The repertoire of Uzbek storytellers and narrators includes heroic, historical and romantic dostons, which incorporated ancient cultural traditions, memory of the nation, its spiritual world and historical destiny, its civic, moral and aesthetic ideals. In dostons it is possible to find the ideas of patriotism and humanism, commitment and love, friendship and brotherhood. At the same time, freedom of fantasy, which is observed among bakhshis, makes possible artistic realization of folk ideals. It should be noted that doston is not about verbal performance only. It is also the work of art which is prosaic, poetic and musical. Indeed, bakhshi does not read doston but sings it. The singing is accompanied by playing on dombra or by instrumental ensemble. The whole artistic composition, all figurative means and expressions of doston are aimed at improving the perception of listeners.
Uzbekistan -
PI00003268
Bakhshi (narrator) art
Bakhshi is an epic creator. The Bakhshi art is one of the specific genres of folk performing art. Bakhshi is a master and improvisator of words and stories, a skillful musician (skillfully plays on certain musical instrument) and singer (possesses the skills of traditional singing), who can accompany his performance with mimicry and plastique. He should be familiar with the life of his nation, with its culture and history. Moreover, he should have a rich vocabulary and masterly use popular language, be able to play with words, use their diverse forms. And all these features are connected with the art of bakhshi (bakhshichilik), which has centuries long history. The repertoire of Uzbek storytellers and narrators includes heroic, historical and romantic dostons, which incorporated ancient cultural traditions, memory of the nation, its spiritual world and historical destiny, its civic, moral and aesthetic ideals. In dostons it is possible to find the ideas of patriotism and humanism, commitment and love, friendship and brotherhood. At the same time, freedom of fantasy, which is observed among bakhshis, makes possible artistic realization of folk ideals. It should be noted that doston is not about verbal performance only. It is also the work of art which is prosaic, poetic and musical. Indeed, bakhshi does not read doston but sings it. The singing is accompanied by playing on dombra or by instrumental ensemble. The whole artistic composition, all figurative means and expressions of doston are aimed at improving the perception of listeners.
Uzbekistan -
PI00003262
Bakhshi (narrator) art
Bakhshi is an epic creator. The Bakhshi art is one of the specific genres of folk performing art. Bakhshi is a master and improvisator of words and stories, a skillful musician (skillfully plays on certain musical instrument) and singer (possesses the skills of traditional singing), who can accompany his performance with mimicry and plastique. He should be familiar with the life of his nation, with its culture and history. Moreover, he should have a rich vocabulary and masterly use popular language, be able to play with words, use their diverse forms. And all these features are connected with the art of bakhshi (bakhshichilik), which has centuries long history. The repertoire of Uzbek storytellers and narrators includes heroic, historical and romantic dostons, which incorporated ancient cultural traditions, memory of the nation, its spiritual world and historical destiny, its civic, moral and aesthetic ideals. In dostons it is possible to find the ideas of patriotism and humanism, commitment and love, friendship and brotherhood. At the same time, freedom of fantasy, which is observed among bakhshis, makes possible artistic realization of folk ideals. It should be noted that doston is not about verbal performance only. It is also the work of art which is prosaic, poetic and musical. Indeed, bakhshi does not read doston but sings it. The singing is accompanied by playing on dombra or by instrumental ensemble. The whole artistic composition, all figurative means and expressions of doston are aimed at improving the perception of listeners.
Uzbekistan
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